Workplace Business Issues - 1003 Words

Business Issues within the workplace Overseeing a business is an important responsibility and it takes a great deal of effort to run it efficiently. As Maxwell states, â€Å"the more people you develop, the greater extent of your dreams (Maxwell, p. 115).† One person cannot accomplish the organizational goal; it takes discipline, hard work, and team dedication to do so. Even though things may seem great at the time, that does not mean issues are not happening in the work place and as the leader or manager in charge, it is important to create a balance. Two common problems that emerge in most industries are conflict and complacency. Conflict Conflict occurs when one â€Å"party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected†¦show more content†¦Doing so, will prevent communication from breaking down between the employees, improve productivity and teamwork, and most importantly, eliminate the top-notch performing workers from leaving. Complacency In addition to conflict, complacency is another type of business issue that sometimes occurs. Complacency is a feeling of calm satisfaction with your own abilities or situation that prevents you from trying harder (Mattynssens). According to Matthynssens, complacency is an intrinsic flaw that prevents people and organizations from pushing beyond the status quo to achieve exceptional success (Mattynssens). This is very detrimental and inhibits both, leaders, and employees from reaching new heights of success and excelling at their job. 2 Timothy 2:15 reads, â€Å"Do your best to present yourself to God as an approved worker who has nothing to be ashamed of, handling the word of truth with precision (â€Å"Read and Study,† n.d.).† Anytime we are partaking in an event, doing a task, or even just working at our normal job, it is important to give maximum effort. We cannot be half-way Christians either. Our work we do for the Lord requires full blown action, discipline, and commitment. As brother’s and sister’s in Christ, God expects us to work together to help lead and guide others to him, especially the ones who do not know him as the heavenly father. As a result, this pushes people, like myself and otherShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues Of Business Environment850 Words   |  4 PagesUnder present day business environment, companies can face a number of ethical issues that require making hard and often dissatisfying decisions. In this context, it is necessary to mind ethical norms as well as results of actions taken in order to keep the efficient communication across companies and keep the right balance in communication with colleagues, subordinates as well as mangers (Horton, 2015). Taking into consideration that there can be distinguished a range of ethical issues that pertain onlyRead MoreEthics Training Is Becoming An Increasingly Popular Trend1594 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION In almost each and every organization there are many problems that are existing and are being faced by the employees of those organizations as well as organizations. Diversity is one of those problems, diverse workplace is made up of employees of different races, genders, abilities, ages and cultural differences. A company that lacks diversity often experiences deterioration of employee morale, a drop in productivity and a flat-lining bottom line. Maintaining diversity and ethics practicesRead MoreEthical Issues in Management Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Issues in Management Charles Hall Axia Student Diversity in the workplace refers to the stark contrast of individuals within the same work environment. Many moral and ethical issues are faced by managers every day concerning diversity. Social Issues and ethically responsible management practices relate to workplace diversity in simple but important ways. Ethically it is irresponsible for managers to manage diversity in the workplace by acting insensitively towards employees. There areRead MoreEthical Issues Of The Workplace1494 Words   |  6 Pages Ethical Issues in the Workplace Student’s Name Task 1 Helen is facing a big problem and challenge as well. This ethical concern can be termed as a challenge rather than a problem since it has not taken a side that can be considered as a problem. The challenge is evident and if the alteration of the financial statement to suit the demands of the customers. In the case Helen changes the document then she will have gone against accounting ethical codes. If she fails to adjust the financialRead MoreUsefulness Of The Future Managers1213 Words   |  5 Pagesorganizations do not give proper attention to the human resources. Moreover, the startups may violate one or more aspects of the employment law. The book is useful in training prospective future managers and employers since the workplace discrimination scenario is a rapidly changing issue that requires a more intellectual approach. The risks of violating the discrimination rules are devastating to both the employer and organization. Knowledge is power, and the prospective managers wil l gain the knowledgeRead MoreBusiness Ethics And Ethical Practices1503 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness ethics and ethical practices have been focuses by many businesses in recent years. Business ethics can help the company to create and develop it workplace culture as well as to increase the productivity of employees. Due to the rapidly change and improvement of technologies, ethical practices within of the workplace have also been changed with the raising of new ethical issues. Many studies and researchers have indicated that it is very importance to identify and understand the impact ofRead MoreList Nine Elements That Directly Impact The Work Environment : Excessive Workload Essay1237 Words   |  5 Pagesmust notify an employer if they are threatened, intimidated or have fear of being in the workplace. The employer will have a reason to dismiss the violent employee must be based on objective facts, not fear or conjecture. Psychological Manners In some of my readings, the psychological mindset has been identified as a driving agent of actions in the work environment and are just as important as the workplace factors. The mindsets of particular interest are frustration, revenge, and aggression.Read Moreethics in the workplace Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pages How do Workplace Ethics Apply to the Goals of an Organization and the Work of Employees? Abstract Ethics in the workplace are viewed in the business world as an attempt to communicate its expectations and standards of ethical behavior in the workplace. In recent years, managers and workers have expressed concerns about how ethics in the workplace apply to the goals of an organization and the work of the employees. The Ethics Resource CenterRead MoreWorkplace Diversity Within The Workplace865 Words   |  4 Pageswork field employees are getting harder to manage and understand. One issue in the global market today is workplace diversity. Workplace diversity is defined as all characteristics and experiences that defined each employee as individuals, but it can also be misunderstood as discrimination against employees. Diversity can include race, ethnicity, sex, religion, disability and sexual orientation discrimination. One reason why workplace diversity is important is because when you respect your employeesRead MoreWarning: This Is a Rights-Free Workplace Essay example922 Words   |  4 Pagesbarbaraehrenreich.com/workersrights.htm. Employee Rights in the Workplace The idea of employee rights involves many complex issues. An employee’s right to a workplace free of discrimination and harmful environmental factors is obvious. Yet, other issues surrounding privacy, personal expression, and communication monitoring are not as clear-cut. While employees may feel that they have the right to express their opinions and use business communications while working, not only may they be fooling themselves

Examining The Complicated Scope Of Legal Aid Systems - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1967 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Legal aid helps with the costs of legal advice for people who cant afford it. If anyone needs help with the costs of legal advice, he can apply for legal aid. Whether he will receive it depends on: the type of legal problem he has; his income (how much he earn) and how much capital (money, property, belongings) he has; whether there is a reasonable chance of winning his case and whether it is worth the time and money needed to win. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Examining The Complicated Scope Of Legal Aid Systems" essay for you Create order The legal aid scheme was set up after World War 2 by the Legal Aid and Advice Act 1949  [1]  in UK. The Legal Aid system was mainly introduced to help people who otherwise would not be able to afford it, to gain access the courts. It therefore enabled them to get a fair hearing and resolve legal problems. Legal Aid is central to a society based on social justice. It is there to help everyone who really needs it. And by reducing discrimination based on a persons financial standing, it enables fair access for all to the courts. We have to remember that before Legal Aid was introduced, many people could not afford to get the protection of our legal system due to the high costs involved. Thus, the aim of the Legal Services Commission  [2]  is to make quality legal aid accessible to everyone thereby ensuring effective delivery of justice and legal advice. The aims and objectives of it are, help people to resolve their legal problems as soon as possible make it eas ier for people to get legal help especially if they belong to a disadvantaged group help people find alternatives to going to court Provide a high quality legal service. HISTORY OF LEGAL AID SYSTEM Prior to Access to Justice Act (AJA) 1999  [3]  in UK, legal aid service was based upon demand laid system. The system became increasingly expensive to run while catering for fewer and fewer people. In 1950, 80% of the community was covered by legal aid provision. In 1998, the provision of legal aid had fallen to less than 40%  [4]  . From the mid 1980s, various Lord Chancellor tried to reform the system. Their task was made acute by the fact that expenditure on legal aid doubled to  £1.4 billion over a four year period to 1995. A variety of reforms were attempted. Payment systems were changed, eligibility criteria revised and control shifted from the Law Society to the Legal Aid Board (Legal Aid Act 1998)  [5]  . In 1997, Labour government suggested that there might be a change in the direction of legal aid policy  [6]  . A number of the changes have been made by the Children Act 1989  [7]  and the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990  [8]  . In 19 93, two significant changes were made. Standard fees for criminal legal aid in the Magistrates Courts were introduced and the practice of franchising was initiated. However, over the past seven years, the cost of civil and family legal aid had tripled which meant; the taxpayers were paying more and getting less in return. The problem was not simply the rising costs. As fewer people were becoming eligible for legal aid, it would appear that expenditure was not accompanied by an increase in value for money. Therefore, in 1996, Lord Mackay capped the legal aid budget  [9]  . CHANGES AND ADVANTAGES IN LEGAL AID SYSTEM Following the Access to Justice (AJA) Act 1999, there had been many changes in legal aid system in UK. Access to Justice (AJA) Act 1999 established a Legal Service Commission  [10]  (LSC) to maintain and develop the Community Legal Service  [11]  (CLS), replaced of civil legal aid and Criminal Defense Service, replaced of criminal legal aid. Section 5 of Access to Justice Act (AJA) 1999  [12]  provides the budget for the Legal Service Commission (LSC) to maintain the Community Legal Service (CLS) fund. The Legal service Commission (LSC) funds these services by entering into contracts with solicitors by way of a franchise. The main aim for introducing the franchise scheme was to secure value for money. Therefore, if solicitors feel that there are few chances of success in a case, they are deterred from expending money given to them by the Legal Service Commission (LSC). Thus, this leads to effective fund management on the part of the solicitors. Those who are in eligible for public funding, have to pay privately for legal services and this can be expensive. For this reason, the Lord Chancellor has developed the Conditional Fee Arrangement (CFA), which is a no win, no fee basis  [13]  . It was introduced by the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 and was extended recently by the Access to Justice Act (AJA) 1999. However, it does not apply in criminal case, family case etc. Under the Access to Justice Act (AJA) 1999, not only the court can order a losing party to pay the costs and success fee to the winning party, but it is also possible, by virtue of Section 29, Access to Justice Act (AJA) 1999  [14]  , to ensure against losing a case, which if won, the court may order the losing party to pay the cost of the insurance premiums. The Criminal Defense Service  [15]  (CDS) was established under Section 12 Access to Justice Act (AJA) 1999  [16]  for the purpose of securing those individuals who are involved in criminal in vestigations or criminal proceedings. They have access to such advice, assistance and representation as the interests of justice require. It is funded in a similar way as Community Legal Service (CLS), by the issue of franchise contracts, grants or loans or through the establishing and maintaining of advice and assistance bodies. Moreover, a duty solicitor scheme, which is free, is available to those people who are arrested and held in custody at a police station. LIMITATIONS OF ACCESS TO JUSTICE ACT (AJA) 1999 However, despite the above, the legal aid service is still not very effective. There are lack of commitment and poor communication from the lawyers. Community centers and Law centers are more effective in providing help and assistance. There are lack of advisers in areas like social security, housing, disability discrimination, employment and immigration. There is a distinct problem of Access to Justice in certain where there are no solicitors who do publicly-funded work. Even, those solicitors who do publicly-funded work cut back on the number of cases they take on due to low rates of pay. Beside, the statutory charge may mean that a claimant may have nothing left even though he/she has won the case. CARTER REVIEW In 2006, Lord Carter, in his review, drew attention to the need to continue reforming legal aid  [17]  . The review was concerned with the design of an efficient procurement system that also contained quality guarantees. Thus, it was based on the notion of an open and responsive market. The review argued that cost increases because of systematic weakness in the way legal aid services are procured and therefore, inefficiencies increases in the way the services are delivered. The Carter review recommended that fees should be paid on a fixed or graduated scale. However, fixed fees will impact negatively on advice, particularly in more complex cases. This will eventually result into work being done by para-legals and less qualified advice workers. Some research available to Carter Review suggested that whereas small firms could provide criminal legal aid in an efficient manner, larger firms were not able to do the same. This would suggest that further research would be required on the impact of reform as it might drive out of the market those very firms that were best suited to provide value for money in provision of legal service. LEGAL AID SYSTEM IN BANGLADESH In an underdeveloped country, majority of the population are poor and illiterate which makes legal aid a necessity to uphold human rights and equality. The Government took formal initiative for enacting legal aid laws only in 1994. However, in 1996, the resolution of 1994 was repealed because it was found that only handful of litigants actually received legal aid from these governmental initiatives. It was in 2000 when the Government in assurance of financial cooperation by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) made an imitative to provide legal aid to indigent litigants. The Government passed the Aingoto Sohoyota Prodan Ain 2000 (Act No. VI of 2000)  [18]  which provides legal mechanism and access to legal aid throughout the country. The main aim of enacting the Act is to provide legal aid to the people who are unable to get the justice due to financial crisis or due to different socio-economic reasons. The NGOs has played a crucial role in providing legal ai d support to the aggrieved in Bangladesh  [19]  . Among these NGOs, Ain o Sailish Kendra (ASK)  [20]  , Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST)  [21]  , Madaripur Legal Aid Association (MLAA)  [22]  and Bangladesh National Women Lawyers Association (BNWLA)  [23]  are playing leading role in providing legal aid. Despite of the access to legal aid in Bangladesh, the Aingoto Sohoyota Prodan Ain 2000 has some flaws. They are, The Act does not specify cases for which legal aid can be provided. The process of consideration of application can be identified as a source of delay. In comparison with the number of legal aid seekers, the number of meetings held to consider these application falls short of requirement. The accountability of members of the Board and Committee are not ensured in the Act. The procedure of the selection of the application is not clear in this Act. In the Upazilla and Union committees, the inclusion of Chairman and 14 other members makes the system more complex. By section 26 of this Act, the govt. repealed the previous Legal Aid Committee formed under the Resolution 74-Law/1997  [24]  and seized all funds of that Committee but the fate of the applications and cases pending in the Courts have not been clarified. NGOs as an organization with expertise in the delivery of legal services to the poor are in good position to give direction to the governments effort. Therefore, the NGOs can play a proactive role in implementing the legal aid programme by, Conducting as survey to assess and identity the specific areas of human right violation. Make the government answerable to dire situation of poor who cannot access the law. Bringing into notice the gap between the inadequacies of law and practice of the government legal aid and persuading the government to take remedial measures. Putting pressure on government by public interest litigation where government fails to respond to the need of the poor for legal aid. Making  the poor aware of their rights which the law of the land guarantees. Promoting social dialogues and literacy programme to uphold the importance of legal aid. Assisting government programme by to providing expertise on concerned issues. CONCLUSION Implementation of legal aid act in both developed and underdeveloped countries indicates governments willingness to serve the poor. However, the government must also ensure that the act is regularly reviewed to address loopholes. The Government should follow a strategy of continuous improvement. In order to judge the success of reforms in legal aid provision, it is necessary to first establish a set of criteria against which it will be evaluated. These criteria should be set by the Government officials, Judges, and Legal Aid experts. Few criteria that could be used to evaluate the system are given below. Administrative efficiency with focus on the procedural aspects of legal aid applications. Easy access to the courts irrespective of claimants or defendants financial means. Initiative to create awareness in rural areas, especially in under-developed countries. Effect of legal aid on tax payers. It is also essential to have accessible legal aid services beyond the gov ernment organizations. An active partnership between and NGO and a government agency can play a very significant role in social service delivery. They compensate for each others weaknesses and deficiencies. However, the government has to balance the needs for legal aid with the pressuring needs of other social services such as healthcare and education.

Comparing Death Of A Salesman And Fences By August Wilson

In the books Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, and Fences by August Wilson, there are common themes and various similarities that run throughout the entire stories. Among these similarities there are two, hard working men who are trying to live the American dream but instead end up becoming frustrated by life and bitter towards the only people who really care for them. The main character of each book, Willy Loman and Troy Maxson are similar in many ways. They both try hard to be good men and fathers, but, they both fail in certain aspects. Troy isolates himself from his youngest son, and one could say that he is too harsh and unnaturally cold towards him. Willy in a way believes that his grown sons could not have done any wrong when†¦show more content†¦I was safe †¦. And then I saw that gal and thought maybe I could steal second† this explanation shows readers that Troy will never be happy no matter how good his current life is because this wasn’t the life he pictured for himself. Troy is also very self-centered man because when his son was offered a college football scholarship he could only try to think negative instead of supporting his sons dream. Troy does this because he feels that if he didn’t make it big his son shouldn’t either. Willy Lowman who is an old salesman who after twenty plus years loses his job and is forced to return home back to Boston. Willy is just like todays average American overworked and underpaid man who is struggling to provide for his family. Throughout the story willy has a version of how society should work because he believes â€Å"be liked and you will never want†. Willy suffered in life because he cared about people liking him and not his job. Willy is his teaching his son’s poor morals he is only concerned with being liked by his peers which has led to his current situation of poverty and suffering. Willy and Troy share a huge similarity in the fact that their pride takes precedence over everything. This is shown where Charlie offers him a job that he goes as far as to hide the paycheck away from his wife out of his own humiliation Willy has many opportunities to turn his life around but because of his pride he makes foolish choices. Willy’s son Happy refuses to recognize hisShow MoreRelatedComparing Death Of A Salesman And Fences By August Wilson947 Words   |  4 Pages Romano Stewart English 1102 Friday: 9-11:45 a.m. November 30, 2017 Barry Hall In the books Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, and Fences by August Wilson, there are common themes that run throughout the entire stories. Among these similarities there are two, hard working men who are trying to live the American dream but instead end up becoming frustrated by life. The main character of each book, Willy Loman and Troy Maxson are similar in many ways. They both try hard to be good men and fathersRead More Comparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson1267 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson have similar themes of conflicts between fathers and sons, conflicts between husbands and wives, and the need to focus on a small unit of space in order to achieve success. In the process of developing these themes throughout the two plays, three similar symbolic elements are used including the insecure father figure, the other woman, and the garden. Read MoreComparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson 1403 Words   |  6 PagesFences written by August Wilson and Death of a Salesman written by Arthur Miller are two plays that could be considered very different in terms of their plot. The plots of both plays contain two very different cultural backgrounds which affects each protagonist differently. If the reader or audience looks past the plot into the theme and symbolisms used they can see that the plays are more similar than they are different. In spite of the different cultural backgro unds of each protagonist they bothRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pageshired a consultant to train the entire organization in project management. The consultant also worked closely with the proposal team in responding to the DOE project management requirements. The proposal was submitted to DOE during the second week of August. In September 1993, DOE provided Kombs with a list of questions concerning its proposal. More than 95 percent of the questions involved project management. Kombs responded to all questions. In October 1993, Kombs received notification that it wouldRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesConflict 375 SKILL LEARNING 376 Interpersonal Conflict Management 376 Mixed Feelings About Conflict 376 Diagnosing the Type of Interpersonal Conflict 378 Conflict Focus 378 Conflict Source 380 Selecting the Appropriate Conflict Management Approach 383 Comparing Conflict Management and Negotiation Strategies 386 Selec tion Factors 386 Resolving Interpersonal Confrontations Using the Collaborative Approach A General Framework for Collaborative Problem Solving 391 The Four Phases of Collaborative Problem Solving Comparing Death Of A Salesman And Fences By August Wilson Romano Stewart English 1102 Friday: 9-11:45 a.m. November 30, 2017 Barry Hall In the books Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, and Fences by August Wilson, there are common themes that run throughout the entire stories. Among these similarities there are two, hard working men who are trying to live the American dream but instead end up becoming frustrated by life. The main character of each book, Willy Loman and Troy Maxson are similar in many ways. They both try hard to be good men and fathers, but unfortunately, they both fail in certain aspects. Troy isolates himself from his youngest son, and many could say that he is too harsh and unnaturally cold towards him. Willy in a way believes that his grown sons could not have done any†¦show more content†¦I was safe †¦. And then I saw that gal and thought maybe I could steal second† this explanation shows to readers that Troy will never be happy no matter how good his current life is because this wasn’t the life he pictured for himself. Troy is also very self-centered because when his son was offered a college football scholarship he could only try to think negative instead of supporting his sons dream. Troy does this because he feels that if he didn’t make it big his son shouldn’t either. Willy Lowman who is an old salesman who after twenty plus years loses his job and is forced to return home back to Boston. Willy is just like todays average American overworked and underpaid man who is struggling to provide for his family. Throughout the story willy has a version of how society should work because he believes â€Å"be liked and you will never want†. Willy suffered in life because he cared about people liking him and not his job. Willy is his teaching his son’s poor morals he is only concerned with being liked by his peers which has led to his current situation of poverty and suffering. Willy and Troy share a huge similarity in the fact that their pride takes precedence over everything. This is shown where Charlie offers him a job that he goes as far as to hide the paycheck away from his wife out of his own humiliation Willy has many opportunities to turn his life around but because of his pride he makes foolish choices. Willys son Happy refuses to recognizeShow MoreRelatedComparing Death Of A Salesman And Fences By August Wilson946 Words   |  4 PagesIn the books Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, and Fences by August Wilson, there are common themes and various similarities that run throughout the entire stories. Among these similarities there are two, hard working men who are trying to live the American dream but instead end up becoming frustrated by life and bitter towards the only people who really care for them. The main character of each book, Willy Loman and Troy Maxson are similar in many ways. They both try hard to be good men andRead More Comparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson1267 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson have similar themes of conflicts between fathers and sons, conflicts between husbands and wives, and the need to focus on a small unit of space in order to achieve success. In the process of developing these themes throughout the two plays, three similar symbolic elements are used including the insecure father figure, the other woman, and the garden. Read MoreComparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson 1403 Words   |  6 PagesFences written by August Wilson and Death of a Salesman written by Arthur Miller are two plays that could be considered very different in terms of their plot. The plots of both plays contain two very different cultural backgrounds which affects each protagonist differently. If the reader or audience looks past the plot into the theme and symbolisms used they can see that the plays are more similar than they are different. In spite of the different cultural backgro unds of each protagonist they bothRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pageshired a consultant to train the entire organization in project management. The consultant also worked closely with the proposal team in responding to the DOE project management requirements. The proposal was submitted to DOE during the second week of August. In September 1993, DOE provided Kombs with a list of questions concerning its proposal. More than 95 percent of the questions involved project management. Kombs responded to all questions. In October 1993, Kombs received notification that it wouldRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesConflict 375 SKILL LEARNING 376 Interpersonal Conflict Management 376 Mixed Feelings About Conflict 376 Diagnosing the Type of Interpersonal Conflict 378 Conflict Focus 378 Conflict Source 380 Selecting the Appropriate Conflict Management Approach 383 Comparing Conflict Management and Negotiation Strategies 386 Selec tion Factors 386 Resolving Interpersonal Confrontations Using the Collaborative Approach A General Framework for Collaborative Problem Solving 391 The Four Phases of Collaborative Problem Solving

Journal Of The American Geriatrics Societ -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Of The American Geriatrics Societ? Answer: Introducation Individualised balance exercises would be achieved through the collaboration of the specific patient and physical therapist or nurse assistants. Hence, the pillar of consumer and community participation is relevant to the project. Based on consumer and community participation pillar, an intervention is developed on the principles of consent, autonomy and professional ethics. The patient at the aged care home should offer consent before the therapist initiates therapy session. On the other hand, the healthcare professional should practice autonomy and observe professional ethics when treating the patient. Besides, needs assessment, information provision and privacy are fundamental aspects of the consumer and community participation pillar (Department of Health, 2012). These principles are all pertinent to the proposed project. Another clinical governance pillar that is pertinent to the project is service evaluation, quality improvement and innovation. The structure of the project requ ires constant evaluation and improvement based on the clients outcomes and efficiency. The pillar of service evaluation and quality improvement suggests that treatment should be monitored progressively and updated to meet the envisioned or desired results (Department of Health, 2012). In this project, the individualised balance exercises will be continuously monitored, and deficiencies in relation to the predetermined standards of care will be remedied. This analysis indicates that clinical governance is relevant and indispensable to the proposed project. Evidence that the issue / problem is worth solving: (774 words) Falls in nursing homes is a significant problem that results in adverse health outcomes and is a common occurrence in Australian aged care facilities. Empirical evidence suggests that there is a high number of falls in nursing homes. Ibrahim and colleagues, in their study conducted between 2000 and 2013, found that most deaths in accredited Australian nursing homes occur due to falls. Specifically, they revealed that out of 21672 deaths 81.5 percent (2679) are associated with falls. They concluded that falls cause premature deaths in aged care facilities, which are preventable (Ibrahim et al., 2017). One study conducted in New South Wales (NSW), shows that there is a high number of falls in residential aged care that require medical treatment. The study shows that between 2006 and 2007 5756 falls were requiring medical attention in NSW. The number of falls that needed emergency department attendance in nursing homes was about 6988. Lastly, the number of falls in residential aged care that required non-hospital treatments was 29790 (Watson et al., 2010). Another justification for implementing a fall prevention strategy in nursing homes is the incidence report of Queensland health facilities. Between 2007 and 2008, 11928 fall-associated clinical incidents in Queensland. 22 percent of these incidences occurred in nursing homes. Some of these incidents led to mortality or severe and permanent patient harm. Other incidents led to temporary loss of function, while a few did not cause any harm (Black Ferrar, 2011). Chen and colleagues did a study to determine the prevalence of falls in nursing homes in Australia. In this study, there were 1342 older males and females with a mean age of 86 years. Over a period of 1.97 years, approximately 6646 led to 308 fractures. Some fractures resulted in long hospitalisation and disability. This study shows that falls in nursing homes should be prevented to enhance the quality of life for the residents (Chen et al., 2008). Fall-associated ambulance attendances for Queensland also reveal the prevailing problem of falls in aged care facilities. From 2007 to 2008, there was an average of 1895 fall-linked attendances. About 24 percent of all the falls occurred in aged care facilities around Queensland. The report indicates that most of these falls needed treatment at the scene (Black Quinn, 2010). Nicholas and colleagues did a study in nursing homes in Sydney to investigate the prevalence of falls linked to Drug Burden Index. The study found that there are many falls in the aged care homes associated with the medication. In one year, there were 998 falls in 330 clients. The analysis insinuates that the average falls per person in a year is 1.74 (Wilson et al., 2011). In a study conducted in Australia between 2009 and 2010, it was found that one in five injurious falls involving an individual aged 65 years and older occurred in nursing homes and led to hospitalisation. Within the same period, the prevalence of fall injury cases in nursing homes was six times higher than in homes (Bradley, 2013). Finally, this project is supported by the AIHW report of 2005-2006. Based on this report, the largest number of fall injury incidences happened in nursing homes, which was 21.8 percent. The falls in women were 23.6 percent, while in men the falls were 17.5 percent. The report notes that in the number of falls in aged care facilities was five times higher compared to the home environment (Bradley Pointer, 2008). Recent literature suggests that individualised balance exercise is effective in reducing falls in nursing homes. One review article asserts that balance training using mechanical apparatus reduces falls in intermediate level nursing homes (Cameron et al., 2012). Besides, research found that high-intensity exercise reduces falls in older people living in aged care facilities if they enhance their balance. This study involved 191 older people living in nursing homes (Rosendahl et al., 2008). A meta-regression study found that interventions that entail balance training, excluding walking training have a significant impact in reducing falls in older adults. The meta-analysis recommends the balance exercise to be performed for about two hours per week (Sherrington et al., 2011). Raimunda and colleagues did a meta-analysis of 12 studies involving 1292 candidates to determine the effectiveness of exercise in fall and fracture prevention. Their analysis notes that balance exercises have a pr eventive impact on falls (Silva et al., 2013). The problem: A fall is an act of collapsing without control. In nursing homes, falls can be sudden and can happen at any place within the aged care facility. Exercises are designed, structure and repetitive movements to enhance or sustain certain components of physical fitness (Tiedemann et al., 2013). Key Stakeholders: (135words) Nurse assistants Nurse assistants, will act as the primary caregivers for the patients in nursing homes. They will identify residents within nursing homes who should be included in the program. Registered nurses (RNs) - RNs will be required to monitor residents who are undertaking balance exercises. They will ensure the patients maintain appropriate hygiene and receive proper nutrition. Physiotherapists These specialists will examine and treat residents who can benefit from balance exercises. Their role will be restoring and maintaining physical function within musculoskeletal systems. Orthopaedic surgeon This medical professional will be involved in examining musculoskeletal system disease among the patients. They will determine patients who are the risk of experiencing osteoporosis. Patient representatives - The patient advocates will be responsible for maintaining communication with the patients and healthcare providers in the course of the program. CPI Tool: (329 words) The CPI tool that will be used for this project is PDSA (Plan, Do, Study, Act). PDSA is an iterative tool appropriate for performing change or improving a process. Plan: The initial step is to plan the change that will be trailed. The process that needs improving is identified and a mission statement drafted. Additionally, the evidence is collected at this stage as well as the formation of an appropriate team (NSW Health Department, 2002). The planning stage relates to the four parts of this project which are project title, project aim, evidence that the issue is worth solving and key stakeholder analysis. Do: The trail of the proposed change is performed. In this stage, the plan is executed or set in motion. An understanding of the event is required for accurate investigation. Observations on the performance of the interventions are made in the Do stage. This stage relates to the summary and proposed intervention part of the project. Study: This stage entails the evaluation of the trail impact. The observations and data collected in the DO stage are used to determine whether the plan led to an improvement (NSW Health Department, 2002). The main aim of the Study stage is to measure whether the project aim is achieved. This stage relates to the evaluation part of the project. Act: The last stage involves the implementation of the changes that have proven to be effective. The conclusions of the project are made at this stage. If the plan led to success, the improvements are standardised and constantly used to solve the problem. This stage relates to the barriers to implement and sustain change part of the project. The PDSA could be used to address the aim and implement the intervention in the following ways. It could be used to identify and diagnose the fall problem and measure the extent of the problem. Then an appropriate intervention could be identified, implemented and re-measured to ascertain whether it has been effective. Summary of proposed interventions: (233 words) Balance control is the foundation of an individuals capacity to move, walk and function independently. The individualised balance exercises would include dual as well as multi-task exercises. These exercises have been proposed based on the understanding and principles that, balance control depends on the coordination of physiological systems, interaction with the task performed and environmental factors (Halvarsson et al., 2015). Project outline Nurse assistants conduct risk assessment will identify and refer the older adults at the aged care facilities who are the risk of falls. The nurse assistants will be required to use Physical Mobility Scale to determine the individuals who are the risk of falling. The residents of nursing homes who have been referred by nurse assistants will be examined by the RNs and orthopaedic surgeon to determine their eligibility for the balance exercises. Eligible clients will be enrolled. The physiotherapist will develop an individualised treatment for patients based on their health condition. The balance exercises will be categorised into basic, moderate and advanced levels. Basic level will include dynamic balance as well as sensory orientations. Advanced level will include stability limits, dynamic balance and sensory orientation. The advanced level will include multi-task exercises. Individualised exercises will be performed for at least 3 hours per week for 12 months. The effectiveness of the project will be evaluated in the first six months and the second at the end of the 12 months. Barriers to implementation and sustaining change: (187 words) Staff education will be one of the barriers to the implementation of the project. The aged care facility staff requires training on how to utilise risk assessment tools and should be in a position to delineate the pragmatic for conducting a fall assessment on admission. They should also be trained about predisposing and factors that might trigger falls, which can be prevented through balance exercises. This barrier can be addressed through ongoing training. Obtaining baseline data before the execution of the project is another challenge. Before the project is executed, there is a need for the current baseline for cases of falls in aged care facilities. The data would be used to determine whether previous interventions have been successful and whether the individualised balance exercise would be successful. This barrier would be addressed by conducting an initial study of the falls in nursing homes to gather the required baseline data. The cost of implementation is also a barrier. The costs would be incurred in risk management, documentation, acquisition of supplies and equipment. This barrier would be solved by involving state and territory governments to fund the project. Evaluation of the project: (122 words) The evaluation of the project would be based on outcomes to determine the advantages to the patients. Data on the number of falls in aged care facilities would be the foundation of the evaluation. A poised mixed model will be used to analyse the number of falls. This model has been used by Hewitt and colleagues to evaluate the number of falls in nursing homes (Hewitt et al., 2014). During the evaluation, data would be recorded based on the time of day, the circumstance of fall, location and activity. The data would help to determine the type of fall like accidental, predicted physiological and unpredicted physiological fall. A decline in the number of accidental falls will suggest that the project is successful. Reference Black, A. Ferrar, K., 2011. 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