Theme Of Blindness In King Lear - 1046 Words

Blindness; there is a number of ways that someone could be blinded such as, blinded by love, by ambition, or by beliefs and traditions, there is also just plain old blindness, the inability to see. With these causes of blindness a great deal of chaos could be sprung up. The theme of blindness is intertwined within the theme of chaos in the play King Lear by William Shakespeare which ultimately leads people to their demise. King Lear’s own blindness and desire for flattery from his daughters lead him through a prolonged madness and finally to his death. Also, Edmunds own blindness towards the inheritance caused him more trouble than he had asked for and lead him to die by the hand of whom he betrayed. Finally, the blindness shown by Regan†¦show more content†¦We also see a form of misogyny, Goneril has the authority and does not allow Lear and his entourage into her home. Through a psychoanalytic lens we see a form of denial, Lear believes that he is still the king, an d that they should honour him but he is really their senile father. However, Edmunds blindness towards his absent receival of the inheritance caused him to betray his older and legitimate brother who then killed him for his betrayal. In a quote from Edmund saying â€Å"well then, legitimate Edgar, I must have your land.† Edmund is beginning to plan against Edgar so that he may receive the inheritance over Edgar the legitimate son of Gloucester. Through the psychoanalytical lens we see Edmund following his Id. The Id pertains to the instincts and desires. Furthermore, Edmunds desire and blindness for the inheritance will cause Edmund to listen to his id and instincts to get rid of Edgar from the family. However, in a second quote from Edmund stating â€Å"if this letter speed, and my invention thrive Edmund the base shall top th’ legitimate. I grow, I prosper.† Edmund wishes to be better than Edgar and so in his plot against him he forges a letter from Edgar stat ing that he is plotting against Gloucester’s life. Through a Marxist lens we see a resistance of oppression because Edmund is pushing back against the societal norms and the bourgeoisie class to receive theShow MoreRelated King Lear - Theme of Blindness Essay846 Words   |  4 PagesKing Lear - Theme of Blindness In Shakespearean terms, blinds means a whole different thing. Blindness can normally be defined as the inability of the eye to see, but according to Shakespeare, blindness is not a physical quality, but a mental flaw some people possess. Shakespeare’s most dominant theme in his play King Lear is that of blindness. King Lear, Gloucester, and Albany are three prime examples Shakespeare incorporates this theme into. Each of these character’s blindness was the primaryRead MoreEssay The Theme of Blindness in King Lear926 Words   |  4 PagesThe Theme of Blindness in King Lear In the tragedy King Lear, the term blindness has an entirely different meaning. It is not a physical flaw, but the inability of the characters to see a person for whom they truly are. They can only read what is presented to them on the surface. King Lear, Gloucester and Albany are three prime examples characters who suffered most by having this flaw. Lear was by far the blindest of the three. Because Lear was the King, one would expect him to have superbRead MoreTheme Of Blindness In King Lear1576 Words   |  7 PagesThe term blindness is defined as the state or condition of being unable to see. In Shakespeare, it is described as blindly placing trust in people and the mental flaws they possess. Blindness is quite symbolic as it is seen through the characters of Lear, Gloucester and Albany. Lear is blinded by Goneril and Regan’s treachery. Gloucester’s blindness is more literal when his eye were plucked out by Cornwall. He is unable to see the goodness in Edgar and the evil in Edmund. Albany is blinded from theRead MoreEssay on The Theme of Blindness in King Lear by William Shakespeare862 Words   |  4 PagesThe Theme of Blindness in King Lear by William Shakespeare Shakespeares King Lear tells of the tragedies of two families. At the head of each family is a father who cannot see his children for what they are. Both fathers are lacking in perceptiveness, so the stories of the two families run parallel to each other. In Lears case, two of his daughters fool him into believing their lies. Lear shuts out his third daughter because she cannot her love into words the way he wants her to. GloucesterRead MoreA Consideration of the Way Shakespeare Presents and Develops the Theme of Blindness in King Lear1563 Words   |  7 PagesDevelops the Theme of Blindness in King Lear Introduction ============ Throughout ‘King Lear’, Shakespeare uses the play’s characters to make judgements on society using blindness as a metaphor that runs through the play. He does this in a number of ways portraying characters that can be fooled by others’ flattery, or are easily manipulated or deceived, or simply have a lack of wisdom. As well as the horrific physical blinding of Gloucester, blindness is used asRead MoreSight and Blindness in King Lear1615 Words   |  7 PagesSight and Blindness in King Lear In King Lear, the recurring images of sight and blindness associated with the characters of Lear and Gloucester illustrate the theme of self-knowledge and consciousness that exist in the play. These classic tropes are inverted in King Lear, producing a situation in which those with healthy eyes are ignorant of what is going on around them, and those without vision appear to see the clearest. While Lears blindness is one which is metaphorical, the blindness of GloucesterRead MoreBlindness Of King Lear By William Shakespeare1077 Words   |  5 PagesENG4U March-9- 2015 How is the theme of blindness explored in King Lear? The play King Lear, written by William Shakespeare, the theme of blindness is clearly illustrated in the characters of King Lear and Gloucester. Both characters are blind to the truth because of their unwariness and poor judgment of character. These two characters refused to see the truth about the ones that are loyal to them. This type of blindness in this play is mental. Mental blindness can also be described refusingRead More Sight and Blindness in Shakespeares King Lear - Lack of Vision1477 Words   |  6 PagesSight and Blindness in King Lear      Ã‚  Ã‚   In King Lear, the recurring images of sight and blindness associated with the characters of Lear and Gloucester illustrate the theme of self-knowledge and consciousness that exist in the play.    These classic tropes are inverted in King Lear, producing a situation in which those with healthy eyes are ignorant of what is going on around them, and those without vision appear to see the clearest. While Lears blindness is one which is metaphoricalRead MoreKing Lear by William Shakespeare803 Words   |  3 PagesBlindness is a theme that we see throughout King Lear in many characters including King Lear, Gloucester and Albany. Although blindness is a theme it is also a psychological metaphor and can be defined as not having sight.2 Shakespeare forces us to see that being blind is a mental flaw just as much as it is a physical flaw. Lear is not only metaphorically blind but is also blind toward nastiness and loyalty . We see Gloucester’s blindness in more literal terms as he is literally blind but he canRead More Blindness and Sight - Lack of Insight in King Lear Essays1082 Words   |  5 PagesBlindness as Lack of Insight in King Lear   Ã‚  Ã‚   Blindness can normally be defined as the inability of the eye to see, but according to Shakespeare, blindness is not only a physical impairment, but also a mental flaw some people possess.   Shakespeares most dominant theme in his play King Lear is that of blindness.   King Lear, Gloucester, and Albany are three characters through which Shakespeare portrays his theme of mental blindness, that blindness which was the primary cause of their poor

The Storm, Theodore Roethke - 1336 Words

The descriptive poem written by Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Theodore Roethke, deals with an aggressive storm and all its effects on the environment: the surrounding nature and the people experiencing it. The storm is described in a disorganized manner to highlight the big chaos the storm causes. Nature is precisely illustrated, because it reacts on the storm and thus is an important factor for the description of the storm. The people simply give an extra dimension to the poem, and the theme of men versus nature in the form of a storm. As the title tells us, the poem is about a huge raging and destroying storm, going through a little town, ‘up Santa Lucia . The poet has chosen for an enormous unusual vocabulary of verbs to describe the†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, the presence of people is shown occasionally through the lines or through the description of the storm and nature. There are different lines and words that give us hints about the presence of the people living there where the storm is wandering about. ‘And the small streetlamp swinging and slamming against the lamp-pole. / Where have all the people gone? are the first signs, next there is: ‘one light on the mountain , ‘a child , ‘an alley , ‘Santa Lucia , ‘flat-roofed houses , ‘The walls, the slatted windows , ‘the last watcher , ‘the cardplayers and so on. These people are the population of Santa Lucia, which might be a fictitious town, an island or a peninsula, surrounded by a wild and angry sea. And storms like the one being described in the poem, seem to take place on a frequent base in Santa Lucia. It is not a little town where a hurricane occurs every decade. Theodore Roethke describes the hurricane in such an extremely real and believable manner, which may possibly suggest that he is an inhabitant of Santa Lucia or that the town truly is an invention and that he is part of the made up community. The unlike situation of a poet describing such a ‘usual event is easily explained by the reason thatShow MoreRelatedComparing My Papa s Waltz And Porphyria s Lover908 Words   |  4 PagesThe poems that I chose to compare are â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† and â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover,† both of which use a dark tone and end rhyme to tell a story of painful love through symbolism. â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz,† written by Theodore Roethke in 1942, tells of a relationship between an alcoholic father who abuses his son. In â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover,† written much earlier in 1836,† Robert Browning describes a chilling tale of a madman who murder’s the woman he loves the most. Both poems have th e same theme of love with anRead MoreWhat I Am Writing: Portraying the Life Through the Works Essay1806 Words   |  8 Pagesdescribing their picture. There are very few aspects that contrast their work to their actual lives. Can a writer’s life and experiences predict and/or validate their works? The child/ parent relationship that is portrayed by Kincaid, Lorde, and Roethke in â€Å"Girl, â€Å"From the House of Yemanjà ¡Ã¢â‚¬ , and â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† is closely related to the relationship they experienced with their parents. These poems show much relevance between the writers and the relationship they shared with their parents, eachRead MorePoetry Essay Prompt2545 Words   |  11 PagesAP Literature Poetry Essay Prompts (1970–2011) 1970 Poem: â€Å"Elegy for Jane† (Theodore Roethke) Prompt: Write an essay in which you describe the speakers attitude toward his former student, Jane. 1971 Poem: â€Å"The Unknown Citizen† (W.H. Auden) Prompt: In a brief essay, identify at least two of the implications implicit in the society reflected in the poem. Support your statements by specific references to the poem. 1972 NO POEM 1973 (exam not available) 1974 Poem: â€Å"I wonder whether one expects

Change for the Better free essay sample

In contrast, Shanker contends that changing the traditional academic letter grading scale will surely encourage mediocrity and decrease work effort in students. Author John Staddon, who has spent his professional life studying adaptive behavior-how changes in the environment lead to changes in the ways humans act (Staddon 307), and much time in both the U. K and the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Change for the Better? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S, has noticed a disturbing fact about the American roadways. often when I return to the U. S. , I see a fender bender or two within a few days. Yet I almost never see accidents in the U. K. I begin to think that the American System of traffic control, with its many signs and stops, and with its specific miles tailored to every bend in the road, has had the unintended consequence of causing more accidents than it prevents. (Staddon 306). Research and years of observation by Staddon in both the U. K and the U. S, show that when drivers spend so much of their time and attention seeking out all the signs on the roads in the U. S. , they 1 re more likely to get into a wreck. The more you look for signs, for police, and at your speedometer, the less attention you will be to conditions (Staddon 306). Though it appear in reading Staddons essay that driving in the U. S is hazardous to health, he does offer some suggestions for changing and improving the situation. What Staddon proposes is a more modest adoption of the British traffic system one British alternative to the stop sign is just a dash in the road on the pavement (309) in the drivers line of sight. Another alternative to the ever present stop sign in the U. S. is the roundabout. Though roundabouts can be found in the U. S. , they are typically large. But us drivers get used to them, as they have in the U. K.. they can be made smaller and smaller. Small white dots in the middle of intersections in the U. K. give instructions for the driver to yield to traffic from the right (Staddon 309). Though Staddons essay points out the flaws in driver safety and excessive signage in the U. S. his premise that our roads could be made safer by adopting a more European relaxed attitude that would ultimately make the driver more aware of their surroundings gives hope for American drivers. In contrast, Shankers essay concerning changing our traditional grading system, proposes that the change will do more harm than good to students. According to Shanker, Grades used to tell a ninth grader and his parents how successful the student was in mastering algebra. They also distinguished between level s of performance, showing who was doing well and who was not cutting it (Shanker 312). Traditional letter grading scaled were excellent indicators of where a child falls in knowledge of a particular subject. Parents, teachers, and students all understood the difference in an A, and a C or an F, however, new worded grading scales are much 2 more difficult to understand and interpret. On the new grading scale, words like emerging, developing, meeting, exceeding, and extending are much harder to interpret and also much more subjective. The new grades are the educational equivalent of the familiar smiley face (313) shares Shanker. Proponents of the new grading scale claim now there will be no more hurt feelings or damaged self-esteembecause somebody got a D or an F and no more swelled heads because of a straight-A report card (Shanker 312). Shankers essay further reveals that much more than self-esteem will be lost if we let the new grading scale take over. The real reason school officials insist on blurring the distinctions between students is that they think it is somehow unfair to acknowledge that some students have achieved more academically than others. If this is our attitude towards academic achievement, we will never convince students that working hard in school is worthwhile (Shanker 313). Ultimately, the difference between failure and success will lead to less effort on the part of the learnesr who do the best academically. Finally, Shanker contends they will work only if we get rid of the smiley-face approach to academic achievement and attach real stakes to what students do in school when it comes to graduating from high school and getting a job or getting into college (Shanker 314). Staddons expectations are that with decreased signage and regulations governing speed zones, drivers in the U. S would pay more attention to the current conditions and traffic on the roads rather than all the signs everywhere but on the road where the drivers eyes should be focused. Shanker on the other hand, is adamant that changes to the traditional grading system would have the opposite effect than the one intended by those 3 initiating and pushing for the change. While change can be perceived as a good thing, many times the reason for change does not hold the best intentions of all the parties involved.

Understanding Food Label free essay sample

Understanding how to read food labels is important and also healthy. This can help you to maintain a healthy diet. Reading food labels at first can be confusing, however it will help you to select foods that will provide you with the accurate amount nutrients and energy that your body needs. Eating healthy can offer your body the energy and nutrition that it needs to function. Eating healthy can also have health benefits as well. According to the â€Å"Food Label and You† video the 5/20 rule is â€Å"a food that has 5% or less of the daily value of a nutrient, say a bottle of juice that contains less than 5% calcium, then that food is not a good source of that nutrient, calcium in this case. But a food with 20% or more of a nutrient means is a good source. So, a glass of milk that has 25% calcium is an excellent source. This rule also works for nutrients you may not want a lot of, like saturated fat or sodium†. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Food Label or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Reading the nutrition labels is the key to calories, serving sizes and daily values that follow the 5/20 rule. Calories and serving size should be checked. Checking the label will tell you how many calories and nutrients you are getting. An example of the 5/20 rules from the pantry is a fiber one bar that contains 35% of fiber, which is an excellent source of fiber. Another example would be peanut butter, which contains 10% of vitamin C. In this case it is not a good source of vitamin C. There are six food label facts presented in the â€Å"How to Understand Nutritional Food Label† article that can help consumers understand food labels more effectively. The first is the serving size, which are standardized to make it easier to compare similar foods; they are provided in familiar units, such as cups or pieces, followed by the metric amount, e. g. , the number of grams. The serving on the food package influences the number of calories and all the nutrient amounts listed on the top part of the label. The second is calories (and calories from fat). Calories provide a measure of how much energy you get from a serving of this food. The calorie section of the label can help you manage your weight (i. . , gain, lose, or maintain. ) The third and fourth is the nutrients and how much. IT is divided into two parts. The first is limit these nutrients which are, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, or sodium may increase your risk of certain chronic diseases, like heart disease, some cancers, or high blood pressure. The second is getting enough of these nutrients, which are dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, and iron. The fifth is understanding the footnote on the bottom of the nutrition facts label. This tells you %DVs are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. This statement must be on all food labels. It is recommended that the % daily values are followed in order to stay within public health experts recommended upper or lower limits for the nutrients listed, based on a 2,000-calorie daily diet. The sixth is the percent daily value (%DV). The DV are based on the Daily Value recommendations for key nutrients but only for a 2,000-calorie daily diet not 2,500 calories. The %DV helps you determine if a serving of food is high or low in a nutrient.

When to Use On-Reading and Kun-Reading for Kanji in Japanese Writing

When to Use On-Reading and Kun-Reading for Kanji in Japanese Writing Kanji are  characters used in modern Japanese writing, equivalent to the Arabic letters in the alphabet used in English, French, and other Western languages. Theyre based on written Chinese characters, and along with hiragana and katakana, kanji make up all of written Japanese.   Kanji was imported from China around the fifth century. The Japanese incorporated both the original Chinese reading and their native Japanese reading, based on what was then an entirely spoken version of the Japanese language.    Sometimes in Japanese, the pronunciation of a particular kanji character is based on its Chinese origin, but not in every instance. Since theyre based on an ancient version of the Chinese pronunciation, on-readings usually bear little resemblance to their modern-day counterparts.   Here we explain the difference between on-reading and kun-reading of kanji characters. Its not the easiest concept to understand and is probably not something beginning students of Japanese need to worry about. But if your goal is to become proficient or even fluent in Japanese, it will be important to understand the subtle differences between on-reading and kun-reading of some of the most used kanji characters in Japanese.   How to Decide Between On-Reading and Kun-Reading Simply put, on-reading (On-yomi) is the Chinese reading of a kanji character. It is based on the sound of the kanji character as pronounced by the Chinese at the time the character was introduced, and also from the area it was imported. So an  on-reading of a given word might be quite different from modern standard Mandarin. The kun-reading (Kun-yomi) is the native Japanese reading associated with the meaning of a kanji.   Meaning On-reading Kun-reading mountain () san yama river ( sen kawa flower () ka hana Almost all kanji have On-readings except for most of the kanji that were developed in Japan (e.g. è ¾ ¼ has only Kun-readings). Some dozen kanji dont have Kun-readings, but most kanji have multiple readings.   Unfortunately, there is no simple way to explain when to use  On-reading or Kun-reading. Those learning Japanese need to memorize how to  correctly stress syllables and proper  pronunciation  on an individual basis, one word at a time.   On-reading is usually used when the kanji is a part of a compound (two or more kanji characters are placed side by site). Kun-reading is used when the kanji is used on its own, either as a complete noun or as adjective stems and verb stems. This is not a hard and fast  rule, but at least you can make a better guess.   Lets take a look at the kanji character for æ ° ´ (water). The on-reading for the character is sui and the Kun-reading is mizu. æ ° ´ (mizu) is a word in its own right, meaning water. The kanji compound æ ° ´Ã¦â€ºÅ"æâ€" ¥(Wednesday) is read as suiyoubi. Kanji On-reading Kun-reading - ongaku(music) - otosound - seiza(constellation) - hoshi(star) - shinbun(newspaper) -atara(shii) (new) - shokuyoku(appetite) - ta(beru)(to eat)

Internet and discussion essays

Internet and discussion essays Searching for information on the Internet, joining the online forums or conferences, all these are very helpful for you in many ways. In general, there are three biggest advantages that learners can get from this method Widening your knowledge is the first to be mentioned. The Internet is really a whole world of information to explore. However, it will be of less use if you explore it aimlessly. A topic for discussion may be a guide for you. It will direct you which field to deeply get into. As a result, after many discussions you will gain much knowledge of various aspects of life. The truth is that knowledge is always an open horizon and the existence of the Internet does play a role in approaching it. Furthermore, the Internet is one of the sources which enable you to learn directly from the native speakers. When you search for the information, you will have the chance to read the texts, the articles, the stories, or the likes written in real English. It is believed that exposing yourself to such writings is among the best ways to learn the writing style which is puzzling to the English learners. Frequently reading the Englishs product, you will find the way for the new vocabulary, new structures to fix in your mind and thus, step by step, improving your writing skill. What is more, you will be able to talk to the native speakers through chatting or conferences. You can discuss with them about certain topics to discover the way they actually think, the way they actually talk. The Internet will bring you nearer to the people of the far away England to get to know and learn from them. Last but not least, this kind of studying method will surely contribute to forming an independence way of study in students. There is a fact that before entering the universities, Vietnamese students have been in the 12- year habit of writing down what the teacher read. Then like a parrot, they learn by heart what we have writte...

Research paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research paper - Assignment Example Market is about influencing mindsets of people so that the market share increases. This hypothesis calls for a measure of difference between variables. It’s like carrying out a research on income levels per gender and then running analysis to try to understand the difference in means income between males and females. The research uses secondary data and not primary data. The research attributes are sub-divided into non-overlapping sub-groups, factors, which area analyzed and presented together for a better understanding of the topical issue. The use of primary data is always encouraged as it results into tangible results which can be used to develop binging decisions unlike the secondary data. However, secondary data might be used in cases where the research study is not a new phenomenon and a researcher wants to build on assertions by other writers. The hypothesis developed and the research objectives are hand in hand. The use of data to influence mindsets so as to ensure proper understanding of migration benefits. Data collection was done by compiling the information from reports. The best thing for this research study to attain the required scientific rigor would have been to collect the data using any of the research tools i.e. questionnaire, interview or observations. But in this case, collecting information would have been expensive and may be it was not factored in the research study budget. The best method to sample the population would have been stratified random sampling where the population would be sub-divided into non-overlapping sub-groups. And then do a random sample from each stratum. This would be applied since the population being targeted is not homogenous but heterogeneous. A simple random sampling could only be used in case the population had the same traits. The results from this analysis could be used to centrally to explain the formulated hypothesis since the data represents the real situation and also since the data has both

Report on Maersk (f) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Report on Maersk (f) - Research Paper Example The above table 1 clearly shows that the highest price is US$ 3,064. The price occurred when Maersk supplied 8.5 FFE volume tons to its customers during 2010. The supply curve also indicates tha the company’s lowest price is US$ 2,370. This price occurred when Maersk supplied 6.9 FFE volume tones to its customers during 2009. The same curve also indicates that the other prices of container shipping orders supplied to customers that occurred in 2013, 2011 and 2012and were between the US$3,064 to US$2,370. Graph 1 shows the Maersk Supply curve (Boyles, 2010). The above graph 1 clearly shows that the highest price occurred at US$ 3,064 when Maersk supplied 8.5 FFE volume tons to its customers. Likewise, the above graph indicates company’s lowest price is US$ 2,370 when Maersk supplied 6.9 FFE volume tones to its customers during 2009. Table 2 clearly shows that the demand information of Maersk (Boyles, 2010). Maersk purchases its container shipping needs or demands from different suppliers. The above table 2 clearly shows that the highest price is US$ 3,289.71. The price occurred when Maersk purchased 6.9 FFE volume tons from its suppliers during 2009. The supply curve also indicates that the company’s lowest demand price is US$ 2,673.29. This price occurred when Maersk purchased 7.3 FFE volume tones to its customers during 2010. The same curve also indicates that the other prices of container shipping orders supplied to customers that the remaining prices were between the US$3,289.71 and US$ 2,673.29, during 2011, 2012 and 2013 Further, the Graph 2 clearly shows that the highest price is US$ 3,289.71. The demand price occurred when Maersk purchased 6.9 FFE volume tons. The supply curve also indicates that the company’s lowest demand price is US$ 2,673.29. This price occurred when Maersk purchased 7.3 FFE volume tones (Mankiw, 2011). Derived demand. The derived demand is the demand for one product in relation to

Hinduism Essay Example for Free

Hinduism Essay Hinduism is the religion of the great majority of the people of India. The word comes from the Sanskrit sindhu, â€Å"river,† and originally referred to the Indus. Hinduism is actually a collection of many native Indian religions, past and present. It is responsible for the social structure of India, especially for the caste system (a hereditary class system). The oldest of the world’s great religions, Hinduism is the only one without a founder. It has never tried to win converts by force and has always tolerated other religions and absorbed ideas from them. Hinduism has about 20 sects, with beliefs that range from primitive forms of animism to the highest reaches of mysticism and philosophy. Many of the sects and cults seem to be separate religions. Yet all have a family relationship since they spring from common traditions and thrive on the conditions peculiar to India. Most have a mystic strain and all stress nonviolence. †¢ Describe the major tenets of the Hindu belief system. Hinduism has many sacred objects and places. The cow is the most sacred of animals and must be protected. Most sacred of all places is the Ganges River, to which millions go each year to bathe and to become purified. Hindus believe in rebirth, or reincarnation, and in what they call the law of karma. Under this law the conditions of each new lifetime are determined by the actions of the preceding life. To the Hindu, salvation consists of liberating the soul from attachment to worldly desires in order to gain union with Brahman. If a Hindu dies liberated he must be born again into this world and again endure its suffering.

Automobile’s Contribution to Identity in America Essay -- Automobile C

The Automobile’s Contribution to Identity in America: Nostalgia, Nationalism and Status Introduction Over one billion cars have been manufactured world-wide in the past century, with nearly 700 million on the road today (Urry, 2006). As important as flight, computers, and mass communication, the automobile has been a key contributor to the growth and globalization of our world (Sheller, 2000). While the automobile is rarely the topic of sociological discussion and cultural study, this article will discuss the iconicism of the automobile and how it contributes to an individual’s identity. For some this is the Volkswagen Beetle – a car that embodies nostalgia and the by-gone era of the 60’s (Wilson, 2005). For others, the identity is the nationalism and pride invoked by owning a car that typifies a true red-blooded American (Edensor, 2004). And for others identity is defined by the status or image a car provides (Belk, 1988). These three aspects of identity will be used to discuss and answer my research question: â€Å"How does the automobile contribute to identity in America?† As the owner of a vintage 1974 Volkswagen Super Beetle, I have always been curious about the bond of nostalgia that is common amongst Volkswagen owners, prior owners and admirers. This infectious enthusiasm for the Volkswagen between owners combined with a general interest in the themes of how icons are born and the perceived societal status bestowed upon their owners have prompted me to write this article. 2 The Volkswagen Beetle is an iconic automobile that for many, imparts nostalgia (Wilson, 2005). The camaraderie and coming-of-age that is personified by the Volkswagen is a common, underlying characteristic amongst those who strongly identify with ... ...rica. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. * Levinson, H. (2004). Highways, People, and Places: Past, Present, and Future. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 130 (4), 406 – 412. Macworld. (2003). Volkswagen, Apple Team Up In 'Pods Unite' Promotion. http://www.macworld.com/news/2003/07/15/vw/, Accessed December 9, 2006. * Sheller, M. (2000). The City and the Car. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. 24 (4), 737 – 757. * Sheller, M. (2004). Automotive Emotions: Feeling the Car. Theory, Culture & Society, 21 (4/5), 221–242. * Urry, J. (2006). Inhabiting the Car. The Editorial Board of the Sociological Review, 54 (1), 17 – 31. Vanden Bergh, B. (1992). Volkswagen as â€Å"Little Man.† Journal of American Culture, 15 (4), 95 – 119. * Wilson, J. (2005). Nostalgia: Sanctuary of Meaning. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press. * Denotes scholarly source. 10

Class Project Presentation Essay

In narrow perspective, PA is a documentation, filling form, checking boxes, once-a-year drill, annual fiasco, meeting held between lower and higher worker, and they will meet again next year (Grote, 2002; DelPo, 2007; Tourish, 2004). It s a common misconception that performance appraisal entails simply filling out an evaluation form answering prefabricated questions and checking boxes. If this were the case, you wouldn t need an entire book to help you do it right, and your evaluation wouldn t be worth the paper you wrote it on. When done correctly, performance appraisal is a process, not a document it is a way of structuring your relationship with your employees. A good appraisal system includes observation, documentation, and communication. It envisions a workplace in which supervisors know what is happening in their departments (who is doing what and how well) and document employee performance as it occurs. Supervisors and their employees should have open lines of communication. Employees should know how they are doing so they can make adjustments when they veer off track. Supervisors should know what obstacles get in the way of their employees performance so they can remove those obstacles as they arise (DelPo, 2007). PURPOSE Study shows that PA is commonly used by companies now, from every level or industrial background (Nakervis and Leece, 1997; Bach, 2003). Of course the phenomenon is not without cause, consider that sometimes PA is a hectic and hated job, time and cost consuming. Grote (2002) case in No. 14 is cited from DelPo (2007)- list the purpose of PA as follow: 1. Providing feedback to employees about their performance 2. Determining who gets promoted 3. Facilitating layoff or downsizing decisions 4. Encouraging performance improvement 5. Motivating superior performance 6. Setting and measuring goals 7. Counseling poor performers 8. Determining compensation changes Encouraging coaching and mentoring Supporting manpower planning or succession planning Determining individual training and development needs Determining organizational training and development needs Confirming that good hiring decisions are being made Providing legal defensibility for personnel decisions Case : A hospital fires an African-American doctor. She does not have an employment contract, so the hospital does not need just cause to ire her. Nonetheless, the doctor files a wrongful termination lawsuit, claiming that she was fired because of her race. When she files her lawsuit, she has no real evidence of racial discrimination; her case is based on her belief that she was always treated more harshly than her coworkers, most of whom were white men. The hospital responds by asserting that she was fired because of her poor diagnostic skills and her inability to get along with her coworkers. Her attorney requests her performance evaluations. Well managed PA system can prevent this kind of situation. Further reading about the issue of legal practice and PA, read The Performance Appraisal Handbook; Legal & Practical Rules for Managers by Amy DelPo. 15. Improving overall organizational performance Performance Appraisal is an integrated part of company s Performance Management Strategy (PMS). Performance Management is a set of regular, ongoing human resource activities carried out by managers and supervisors relative to their subordinates to enhance and maintain employee performance toward the achievement of desired performance objectives (Vance and Paik, 2006). Why company need to create such job, what are the job requirement, job description, the most important thing to do in this job, issue surround the job, etc. 2. The Jobholder Who is suitable for the job? What are the requirements? 3. The Person Now, you have to know the person deeper. How is his performance compare to the previous year. Remember, know the person based on the job, not based on individual prejudices 4. The Self-Appraisal or Accomplishment List If you asked the individual to prepare a list of accomplishments or complete a self-appraisal (and return it to you in advance), this will be a worthwhile source of performance data. This information then can be gathered by assigned appraiser (supervisor, specialist, peers, appraisee, or all). There are two types of information: 1. Qualitative: Information of behavioral remarks, comments, symptom, process, expectation, etc. 2. Quantitative : Numerical information. Information about sales number, revenue, productivity (number of product per hour or per day), and area covered, etc. Quantitative is easier to be measured and less subjective. There are two types of quantitative information; pure numerical information, and scaled information. Scaled information is subjective and non-numerical information, but converted into number by scaling method. For example, 5 for Excellent, until 1 for very poor. Or 1 for Approved, 0 for Rejected (see additional exhibit, example of performance appraisal form of University of California). The appraiser can use combination of questionnaires, observation and interview to gather the information (an example of the standard PA form can be seen in the exhibit 1). The job can be very useful, yet sensitive because: 1. Common agreement among HR specialist that subjectivity cannot be avoided. . Legal consideration (sexual harassment, racism or libel issue) 3. No standard question or appraisal method available. Most of the organizations have to adjust the method for their organizational style. Performance Appraisal by only one appraiser sometimes might trigger subjectivity and bias. To prevent this, the method known as 360-degree Performance Appraisal is implemented. This form deviates from the vertical, hierarchical arrangement in that every member of an organization is placed at the centre point of a circle embracing all related employees, superiors and colleagues. Manager hates to measure their employee for some reason, while in the same time, employee hate to be scrutinized. Time consuming, high cost, and focused on past result rather than future development, are among the arguments, also additional findings show that performance appraisal can actually lead to poorer rather than better performance, tend to create prompt argument between appraiser and employee (Rothwell and Kazanas, 2003, cited from Martin and Bartol, 1998; Kikoski, 1999). Gloomy predictions about the end of performance appraisal even have been prophesied by some writer. As Bach (2003) noted, some have predict that appraisal would fall apart at the seams (cited from Margerison, 1976), due to employee ambivalence and union opposition, and added that the days of standardized appraisals were number (Bach, 2003, cited from Fletcher, 1993). (Cited from my journal study). Tourish (2004) revealed even more shaking information. As he cited from various research, that Appraisal should be avoided if it linked to numeration and payment, because sometimes may lead to moral hazard and even bankruptcy. As he wrote it: An illuminating example of what happens when this research is ignored may be in order. Enron was an organisation that combined both a ranking system and the linking of performance to pay. Its bankruptcy in 2001 stands (at the time of writing) as the biggest in US corporate history. As with many other aspects of its internal culture, its approach to appraisal is a valuable case study in what not to do. An internal performance review committee rated employees twice a year (Gladwell, 2002). They were graded on a scale of 1 to 5, on ten separate criteria, and then divided into one of three groups A s, who were to be challenged and given large rewards; B s, who were to be encouraged and affirmed, and C s, who were told to shape up or ship out. Those in the A category were referred to internally as water walkers. The process was known as rank and yank. The company s propensity to disproportionately reward those who were high achievers and risk-takers was widely acclaimed by business gurus (e. g. Hamel, 2000). Faculty from the prestigious Harvard Business School produced 11 case studies, uniformly praising its successes. However, problems multiplied. People chased high rankings because the potential rewards were enormous, while low rankings imperilled both their salaries and eventually their jobs. The appearance of success mattered more than its substance. In addition, internal promotions due to the appraisal system reached 20% a year. This made further evaluation more difficult, and inevitably more subjective how could you honestly rank someone s performance when they did not hold a position long enough to render sound judgement possible? Paradoxically, Enron had a punitive internal regime ( rank and yank ) but loose control (those adjudged to be top performers moved on too fast to be pinned down). In this case, ratings and performance pay formed a lethal mix. Internal staff churn, and a relentless emphasis on achieving high performance ratings in the interests of obtaining ever-greater personal rewards, contributed to the lax ethical atmosphere that precipitated the company s downfall. Versions of rank and yank have been used by many organisations, including General Electric and IBM. IBM, in the early 1990s, actually required that one out of every ten employees be allocated a poor rating, and given three months to improve or be fired (Gabor, 1992). The research evidence overwhelmingly suggests that such practices produce only defiance, defensiveness and rage (Kohn, 1999). However, despite all the criticisms, number of companies utilize this system is still growing. I think this is understandable because some findings correlate the implementation of effective and well created performance management system and performance appraisal, with employee s or organizational success. Waal (2008) in his research titled The effects of performance management on the operational sales results of a bank , showed that the PM related key events had a significant and lasting positive impact on the quantitative result of the division (Waal, 2008). Table 1: Disadvantage of PA, as identified from literature Source : Kourkit and Waal (2008) Other study conducted by Kourkit and Waal (2008), strengthen the previous findings. In this research, writers try to find out the correlation between advantageous and disadvantageous of Performance management, with companies success. The research showed that in general the advantages were experienced to a much greater degree than the disadvantages, and that specific reasons for use achieved specific advantages. With the research results, management can convince organizational members that SPM (strategic performance management), indeed beneficial for the organization (Kourkit and Waal, 2008. Italic added). Kourkit and Waal try to find the answer for dissatisfaction of PA process and they found out that there is no correlation between advantages created by Performance Management with dissatisfaction. In other word, companies where PA system works well will create the advantages it has promised. Future studies are needed to identify about what is going on with PA system in bankrupt companies (like Enron). Is it poor performance management might result their bankruptcy? Figure 2 : Relation Model developed by Kourkit and Wall (2008). Source : Kourkit and Wall (2008) TQM (Total Quality Management) by some also seen as the opposite of PA. Adoption of TQM, which emphasize more in team effort (Wikipedia, accessed 2010), didn t seems to lessen the spreading and growing importance of PA. Some have tried to reconcile the difference by creating a PA system that actually works so well in TQM (Marr and Kussy, 1993). This criticism is closely related with argument of team (emphasized by TQM) Vs. individual appraisal (PA). However, Kessler (2003) find out that, There is some evidence to suggest that use of team pay to support job design may have positive outcomes in terms of individual and organizational performance (Wageman 1995; Burgess et al. 2003). However, the take-up of team pay remains low with well under 20 per cent of organizations using it (CIPD 2003). Salary progressions based on team performance is even less in evidence; these findings are confirmed by other surveys (Thompson and Milsome 2001: 13). This low takeup suggests that despite some evidence of effectiveness, administrative difficulties remain in introducing team pay. It is not always easy to find a standard of team performance that can be linked to pay because teams often break up quickly and do not therefore represent a stable base for a pay. Moreover, it remains questionable whether team working in the strictest sense is as widespread as assumed (see Cully et al. 999: 43). Team-based pay may well be rare simply because genuine forms of team working are scarce. AVOIDING THE PERIL Performance Appraisal process, as we have seen, proven to be a dangerous game. However, it is necessary for company s success. Failure of PA process can sometimes attributed to human shortcomings. Tourish (2004) list 8 of that phenomenon that must be carefully avoided: 1. Appraisers frequently fall victim to the halo effect. There is a tendency to assume that a positive attribute or a job related success in one area automatically implies success in others. 2. Personal liking bias means that when supervisors like a subordinate, for whatever reason, they generally give them higher performance ratings, their judgment of the subordinate s work performance becomes less accurate and they show a disinclination to punish or deal with poor performance. 3. The horn effect arises when a problem in one area is assumed to be representative of defects elsewhere 4. The consistency error suggests that we have an exaggerated need to feel consistent in our opinions and judgments, and to assume that people and circumstances are more stable than they actually are (Millar et al. 1992). 5. The fundamental attribution error, discussed above, means that an appraiser tends to attribute poor performance to the personality of the interviewee, rather than to the situation. 6. The similarity bias means that we are attracted to people who look like us, sound like us and form a convenient echo chamber for our own ideas. 7. The what is evaluated problem arises when the behaviors being evaluated differ from those required to obtain organizational goals. 8. Each of these problems is exacerbated by ingratiation effects. People with lower status habitually seeking to influence those of greater status by exaggerating how much they agree with their opinions, policies and practices, and so ingratiate themselves with the powerful, and sometimes might create bias to these so called powerful. DelPo (2007) also found that unwise selection of words can lead to poor PA system. Not only create false hope and false impression, it also might lead to legal problem. Brief, based on the fact, rather than personal conclusion is better than a long, trying to be funny or conclusive word. The latter, might bring not only false facts, but also future problem. Organization is comprised of human, which is all unique, so also the organization. Standardized PA schemes from industry to industry, from size to another size will be better if was avoided. The common mistake that also always lead to rejection to PA is, the believe that PA is just an annual ordered ritual. Useless but a must. In fact, PA is a never stop process. The shift in paradigm regarding PA is needed now days. Formal, written and companies scale PA can be held annually, monthly, quarterly or half-a-year, but everyday informal PA through Management By Walking Around, Management By Objectives, through constant communications and immediate daily basis feedback, might lessen the hectic work of annual PA and might reduce the frighten about PA. If I can extent the scope of Performance Management Process, PMS actually started since the recruitment. If the recruitment ran well, it will reduce the burden of PA, since all employees are ready, or willing to improve. Future study also needed in this part to know whether good recruitment system is correlated with successful PA scheme, and vice versa. Communication is also the most important. Employee must have the willingness to hear the feedback, while management also must be willing to receipt critics regarding the PA schemes and procedure. At very last, but one of the most important, Company s value, philosophy, vision and mission is also are fundamental in PA system. CONCLUSION y PA is an integral part of human life. We have experienced it since the moment we can remember and understand word. We live by it, cope with it, and shaped by it. Strengthened and weakened by it. In school we received report card, in university we get grades, those all are part of life s Performance Appraisal. Even as Christian, I believe that PA will continue in the afterlife. Appraisal is needed, it is necessary for company s or employee s development. Some study reported that PA is correlated with performance, and the growing number of user of this method, strengthen its position of importance. y PA is needed to measure performance, personally. PA is irrelevant under assumption that all member of organization has done and will do a fine job with, or without evaluation.

Examine the roles of the witches in ‘Macbeth’ Essay

In the Elizabethan times, the people believed in witches and witchcraft. They were described as ugly and evil. Nowadays the people would not believe in them. The people in the Elizabethan times would be very scared of witches. This was equivalent to the people of nowadays being frightened about terrorists. The people thought that they were powerful beings. They thought that they would cast spells on them; they thought that the witches were the ones that influenced the weather and also someone’s personality. They were most likely to be old women with moles on their body. If the people wanted to find out if someone was a witch or not, they would tie the woman onto a ducking stool and then place them under the water for along time. If the people saw that the woman was dead they would definitely be relieved, as the woman would not be a witch. If the woman survived for a long time in the water then the people would take the woman out and then burn them or they would hang them. For people to be terrified by witches was very common. This was very good for William Shakespeare because then he could make the play much more frightening. This would be equivalent to a horror film nowadays. There are three or four scenes in the book, which include the witches. In the beginning the witches are just making plans about where to meet again. They say that they are going to meet Macbeth on top of the Heath. This scene is important because this is where the witches are telling the audience about where they are going to make the predictions. Another scene that involves the witches is when they are explaining the predictions to Macbeth and Banquo. The three predictions are: Macbeth will be Thane of Cawdor: â€Å"All hail Macbeth, hail to thee Thane of Cawdor† He will be king: â€Å"All hail Macbeth, that shalt be king here after† Banquo’s children will be king after: (to Banquo) â€Å"Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none† Macbeth is very surprised at this point because he says to himself, â€Å"The Thane of Cawdor lives† These predictions are very important because they set the scene for the rest of the play. Further into the book, Macbeth kills King Duncan and Banquo. This happens because the predictions that witches made are coming true. Macbeth wants to know more information about the predictions, † Stay you imperfect speakers, tell me more† The witches are very important and play a very vital role in the story. They are the ones that made the predictions and they are also the ones that Macbeth needs guidance from. The witches would not be very realistic for a modern audience because the people nowadays don’t believe in witches. In the Elizabethan times the scenes with the witches would be very terrifying and horrific for the audience because the people of that time would believe in witches and thought that they were evil and possessed special powers. Nowadays, the audience because of good acting would appreciate the people who would act as witches, and they would also think that the story was well written. The audience would be as horrified with the apparitions as they would be with the scenes with the witches. A modern audience will find the scene very interesting. The two characters that meet the witches are Macbeth and Banquo. When they met the witches, both of them had different views about them. When Macbeth sees the witches he says, â€Å"Speak if you can: what are you?† Macbeth believed in the predictions that the witches made and he took it very seriously. On the other hand Banquo takes it more lightly as it would not affect him, it would affect his children. The audience in the Elizabethan times would favour Macbeth more than Banquo as Macbeth takes the witches much more seriously. Nowadays, not many people would believe in witches and witchcraft and so would not believe in the spells and predictions. The people nowadays would favour Banquo. Banquo and the people of nowadays would agree that the predictions are not true. He has a dream and he starts to believe in the witches, â€Å"To you they have show’d some truth† This shows that Banquo’s views seem to change. Macbeth starts to take the witches much more seriously when he finds out that their predictions are coming true. There is a lot of dramatic impact in the play. The drama includes the battles in the beginning when the Norwegians try to take over Scotland; the murders of king Duncan and Banquo; the hallucination that Macbeth sees with the dagger, which is full of blood and it, is taking him towards killing king Duncan; and the witches with their spells and the predictions. The witches are some of the most important characters in the play because they are the ones who cast the spells and also make the important predictions. The witches would make a dramatic impact on the stage. When the witches cast the spells then the audience would react in a terrified manner. They would believe in what they see because they believed that it was possible that witches existed and it reflected reality. During the Elizabethan times there would have been a lot of limitations. For the battles they were missing sound effects and also the music had to played live instead of a recording; the costumes were not very good; when the witches needed to vanish there was no smoke effect which would make it much more realistic, but they did have a trap door; the problem that there was while performing the part of the witches was that females were not allowed to play, so they had to be played by men; the scenery was unsatisfactory; and they did not have lights which meant that they had to perform during the day. An Elizabethan director would portray the witches as being ugly and terrifying. The witches would probably wear masks that would have a mole on the face. They would try to make them look like old women because these are the kinds of people that the public thought were witches. The director would try to make it realistic just to add dramatic impact. An Elizabethan audience would react in a different way compared to a modern audience. An Elizabethan audience would be terrified as this would be equivalent to a horror film nowadays. They would have thought of the witches as being symbols of evil. A modern director would have a bigger advantage when setting up the play. There would be a lot of facilities that the director could use. He could use the sound effects for the battles; thunder and lightening for when witches were casting a spell; projection; women would allowed to play which would make it much more realistic; there would be better scenery; they could use curtains at the end of the scene just to explain to the audience that the scene was over; and also a modern director could use recorded music instead of having a live band. A modern director might portray the witches the same way that the directors in the Elizabethan times would have except that the part of the witches would be played by real characters. They might use special effects to show witches disappear. A modern audience would react differently after watching the play. They would not believe in witches because they know that it has been proven that witches don’t exist. A modern audience would not react to the play as if it was a horror film but they would think of the play as being very good and interesting. They would watch it for entertainment and the special effects would have dramatic impact on the audience. The impact on the audience would change over the years. The people would not believe in it because they will know that it is proven that witches don’t exist which is why the reaction of the audience would change over time. There were a lot of differences between Elizabethan and modern interpretations of the witches. The director in the Elizabethan times would make the witches wear costumes, and they would try to make them scary for the audience. The audience in the Elizabethan time would be scared as they thought witches were real, whereas a modern audience would not think of it as a horror film but as an interesting story.

Music Cultures essays

Music Cultures essays Early music is based mainly on the music of the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque eras. Many people like to define Early Music as ending in 1750, with the death of J.S. Bach. This is a handy date, but it misses the various stylistic changes taking place around that time, i.e. the emergence of the gallant and pre-classical idioms in close proximity to the final flowering of the baroque proper. To add even more confusion, this is also not clear-cut. As with everything else, Baroque music ended gradually and sporadically, if we are to say that it ended all. Perhaps the significant factor defining these eras as early music is that they do not have a continuous performance tradition. In other words, this music ceased to be performed after its time had passed and needed to be revived in our own era. This is not true of the classical music of Mozart, Beethoven, et al. Which possesses a continuous performance tradition. This means that, to some degree, it is this revival which dominates EM (that is, early music as a movement), at least in spirit. Of course, things are not clear-cut here either. For instance, late Baroque composers like Bach, Handel, Vivaldi, and etc. Were revived relatively early and therefore have a fairly long performance tradition which is not dependent on the present early music movement. Now we are seeing an increasingly large number of performances of Mozart, Beethoven, and others in the content of early music; this further muddies the waters. There is the question of pre-Medieval music. While early musicians would undoubtedly be happy to claim it as their own, unfortunately there is very little surviving evidence about music from earlier times. Indeed, there are no music manuscripts from Western ...

4 Career Fears You Need to Face

4 Career Fears You Need to Face Fear. It’s not just the feeling that strikes when you’re home alone watching scary movies and suddenly there’s a  noise outside your window. It can happen in a much more mundane, brightly-lit place: your desk at work. In fact, the office can be a place where all of your self-doubts and worries compound into a big, career-blocking blob. But you’re not alone- millions of people have responded to polls and surveys about their concerns.What are some of the most common work-related fears?1. Losing the jobWhether you’re a rockstar at work or feel like you’ve been making too many mistakes, fear of losing your job has little to do with actual performance and more to do with your own personal need for stability.2. Performance anxietyMaybe your boss wasn’t as enthusiastic as she could have been after your last presentation. Maybe a new performance review process has you feeling uncertain about whether your year was really as productive as you wanted it to be. Any uncertainty or lack of positive feedback can feed this apprehension.3. Not fitting inWhether it’s middle school or the office break room, no one wants to be the uncool kid. We spend most of our waking hours with our coworkers, and universal social anxieties may show up. It can be tempting to try to play a certain character type in meetings or defer to others’ thoughts and ideas instead of your own.4. Being left behindWith social media giving a new platform to everyday triumphs (â€Å"Guess who’s rocking it today?†), it can turn the workday into a competitive exercise. This plays into anxieties about stagnating in your job while the real stars move on to higher titles and bigger paydays.What can we do to move past these?The best way to conquer these fears (or at least tame them into submission before) is to acknowledge that they’re happening, name them, and be clear with yourself about the steps you’re taking to overcome them. That could mean communicating more openly with your colleagues or even just taking small steps forward on a project you’ve been avoiding because it seemed daunting.Embrace the fears that are holding you back, and then step neatly around them on your career path.Read More at Fast Company

Smoking is good for health persuasive speech Essay

Smoking is good for health persuasive speech - Essay Example Many have argued against smoking bringing forward its impacts and I believe many here are of the same feat; but few have focused on the benefits it has. After a careful assessment of viable sources, I have come to concur with experts that smoking is good for the health. i. Through smoking, an obese person can loose weight as many studies have shown that smokers are often slimmer. According to Recer (1998), nicotine is believed to be an appetite suppressant thus reducing food consumption of obese people which ultimately helps to lower their weight. ii. Experts have established that smoking can help to prevent the commencement of several dementias. Recer (1998) reveals that nicotine helps to stimulate chemical receptors in the human brain. The absence of these receptors causes dementia; hence their stimulation will stop the onset of dementia. iii. Experts argue that smoking can help to sharpen the memory and concentration; thus can be used as a remedy to help those suffering from Alzheimer live longer. It was suggested by the Victorian doctors that smoking be used as a concentration booster and for sharpening the brain. iv. Smoking reduces the risk of knee-replacement surgeries. Smokers usually go broke while trying to buy a packet of cigarettes but most have no idea that it saves a lot of money by avoiding knee-replacement operations. According to an Australian study, non-joggers primarily made of smokers reported no incidences needing such operations while the obese joggers were popular in surgical units for knee-replacement surgeries. v. The risk of Parkinson’s disease is reduced by smoking. A research by a group of Harvard researchers established that smoking is inversely related to Parkinson’s disease. It was found that the more the smoking the more the protection, and that this protective effect weakens when a smoker quits smoking. vi. Smoking enhances the functioning of the heart drug clopidogrel. This is a drug used to reduce

Female Rural-urban Immigration in China Research Paper

Female Rural-urban Immigration in China - Research Paper Example The main reason why China aimed at establishing such a market system is to enable links to rural, urban, domestic as well as international markets. The intended market system would also promote the efficient resource allocation (Meng, 77). The establishment of a security system would ensure social stability as well as the development of the economy. In 1997, the Chinese government emphasized on the importance of private sectors in the social economy of China with the claim that they encourage the profitability of factors of production such as capital, labor and technology. It was until 2001 when major achievements were realized in the various fields and reforms were then running smoothly. At the present China has established a market system that plays the role of ensuring efficient allocation of resources. Future plan include establishing a fully developed market economy by the year 2020 (Meng, 78). As an already developed country, China’s economy is now characterized by huge infrastructural developments such as roads and industries. It is also characterized by advanced technology which has come to replace human labor in their work places, good education and health facilities whose working conditions are hygienic. Workers in various institutions in the country especially in the urban areas are paid high wages. Roads, industries, agriculture and health facilities such as pharmaceuticals all contribute to the Gross Domestic Product of China which is continuing to increase. Population increase has also been realized in China. Population statistics of China indicate that the female population is less than the male population. Over the past decades, birth rates included eighty girls out of... This paper stresses that the major elements included in the reform of China’s economy included: agricultural sector, enterprises owned by the state, price system, financial sector, infrastructure and the welfare system at large. As from 1984, the restructuring of the China economy was moved from rural regions to the urban areas. The major aspects in the reform of the economy in China included developing the economic elements while placing the economy’s public sector in a major position. The requirements of the market economy had to be met and this had to be strictly ensured by changing the enterprises owned by the state to fit in the modern system of enterprise. The main reason why China aimed at establishing such a market system is to enable links to rural, urban, domestic as well as international markets. This essay declares that migration in China before 1978 was rampant and this resulted to high population flows especially in the urban areas. Population movement then became an issue of concern by the Chinese Government. After the Chinese war, most people were moved back to their villages and other moved to cities to look for jobs. Urban cities were magnets for the rural residents who aimed at benefiting from the state. Later, the Government realized that there were a huge number of people moving into cities and it criticized the blind population flow. Later on, the government introduced the Ho Kou system which checked and regulated the movement of people.

My Cousin Vinny Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My Cousin Vinny - Essay Example Surely this was mainly due to the police officer who kept harassing them, prodding them with questions such as, â€Å"At what point did you shoot the clerk?†, for example. One must realize that, if arrested, one has the right to have representation with one when answering questions, and one need not answer any questions one doesn’t want to, as it can and will be used against a person in a court of law. At trial, there were several errors of procedure and general blunders which would probably not happen in a real courtroom situation. â€Å"Vinny’s pre-trial research† was interesting.1 â€Å"Before the trial, Vinny interview[ed] key witnesses in person and trie[d] to envision how each one saw the crime.†2 At the arraignment, Vinny tries to argue the case instead of simply entering the plea of â€Å"not guilty,† a major mistake.3 Regarding opening statements, there is much to be said. This is a factual error. However, there were other things wrong with the opening statements. For example, Vincent came to court dressed appropriately (in a suit), but it was a red bellhop suit from a second-hand store that looked ridiculous. He wore this because the suit he usually would wear was unavailable, and he couldn’t wear his leather jacket to court. Although this might be a minor point, it is common for lawyers to dress professionally in a nice black or grey suit that has slacks and a jacket, with an appropriate knee-length or below skirt for women if it applies and they wish to wear one. Vincent’s opening statement, for his part, was very poor. Worse, when Vincent was challenged by the judge for his use of foul language in the courtroom, he said, â€Å"What?† and the judge found him in contempt of court for speaking rudely. Vincent also did not address the court by the term â€Å"Your Honor,† either, which was highly disrespectful. But that is just the tip of the iceberg here.

Manning Guidance Essay Example for Free

Manning Guidance Essay Do the prioritizations outlined in the 2013 Manning Guidance agree with the imperatives of the 2013 ASPG? Why or why not? Overall, Manning Guidance (MG) 2013 is a near-term document that supports the imperatives of the 2013 Army Strategic Planning Guidance (ASPG) for all â€Å"near-term† priorities that covers FYs 13-15. The mission statement of MG 2013, states â€Å"Provide AC Army with personnel manning guidance for FY13-15 that is synchronized with the â€Å"Army’s Priorities†. The major difference is that ASPG covers near term (FYs 13-15), mid-term (FYs 16-20), as well as long term (FY21 and beyond); however, MG 2013 is a near-term document that supports the imperatives of the ASPG for FYs 13-15 only. Additionally, MG 2013 is more focused on the â€Å"Manning† line of effort vs. holistic approach to all things Army Strategic planning guidelines and considerations. ASPG Imperative #1 states: Provide modernized and ready, tailored land force capabilities to meet Combatant Commanders’ requirements across the range of military operations. How the MG 2013 supports this effort: MG provides guidelines for alignment of manning levels IAW Army priorities as reflected in the IRPL and other priorities established by Army senior leadership. MG also establishes clear guidelines on the manning levels during the ARFORGEN models by instituting not less than P2 rating during RESET and P1 during TRAIN/READY phase. It also talks about how the Army has enough Soldiers to fill every authorizations in the aggregate. Furthermore, MG also lays out allocated forces and apportioned forces that supports the Combatant Commanders’ requirements; it clearly articulates: urgent forces requires 100% manning, essential forces=90%, and important forces=80%. ASPG Imperative #2 states: Develop leaders to meet the challenges of the 21st century. How the MG 2013 aligns with this effort: MG amplifies the need for the investment of quality officers and NCOs in the institutional Army to develop Soldiers in diverse and broadening positions. It also states Commanders have the option to release Soldiers during any phase of the ARFORGEN cycle to execute Professional Military Education (PME). It also clearly states, Commands can release Soldiers/Leaders to depart unit IOT execute PME and other assignments that can broaden and grow Leaders. ASPG Imperative #3 states: Adapt the Army to more effectively provide land power. How the MG 2013 is in align or contradicts with this effort: First, MG clearly lays out the guidance on Resetting the Force during ARFORGEN cycle. However, ASPG covers areas that are mid-term and long-term that discusses the modernization effort, reforming/restructuring the Force, and fielding the Army of the future that is not laid out in the MG. Some of these areas are covered in the Command Plan as well Army equipping strategy or modernization strategy and not in the Manning Guidance. ASPG Imperative #4 states: Enhance the all-volunteer Army.   How the MG 2013 is in align or contradicts with this effort: Once again, going back to the discussion in the ASPG #2, developing future leaders, MG clearly articulates the support for Soldier/Leader assignments, importance of PMEs, and investing on recruiting/investing on top quality officers and NCOs that can ultimately enhance the all-volunteer Army.

The Effect of Racism in Schools on Education Essays -- Papers

The Effect of Racism in Schools on Education I recent years there have been considerable interest in the educational performance of ethnic minorities. A number of studies have been carried on this issue, a common example is the government - sponsored Swann Committee report Education for all. This report carries out research on different aspect on educational performance, and one aspect that stands out form all is, racism in school. Although the precise findings of studies have varied, most have found that, overall, ethnic minorities (blacks, Asians and other nationalities) tend to do less well than other members in the population. The Swann report found important differences between ethnic minorities' children and white children. From a survey of five LEAs it was found that Asian children did almost as well as whites or 'others'. Asians were slightly less likely than 'others' to get five or more graded results in GCSE exam or any other sort of important examination qualifications. Although the Swann report did stress the importance of the Asian community doing quite well, a certain type of Asian community known as the Bangladeshi did particularly bad, was this, the result of racism or the result of ignorance. The Swann report found out that the average performance of West Indians was considerably worse than that of whites. A shocking five percent of West Indians passed an A Level and only one percent went off to university. All though not is all shocking a large percent of ethnic minorities between the age of 16 and 19 were in full time education. This can be backed up by Jones (sociologist) suggestion. Jones suggested that th... ...wn in subservient social roles such as servants. Coard claims that the people whose lives are studied and acclaimed are white. Black culture, music and art are all conspicuous by their absence from the curriculum, (IV) The attitudes to race conveyed in the classroom are reinforced by the pupils outside it. In playground arguments white children may retaliate by describing West Indians as 'black bastards'. Research has shown that teachers expect black children to fail and this produces a self fulfilling prophecy in which they live up to the expectation they have been labeled with. Not only are black children played in lower sets, they themselves believe that they are certain to fail. Research shows that a majority of West Indian children are portrayed by their teachers as underachievers with disciplinary problems.

African Americans in American Society 1920s Essay

Throughout US history, there is an abundance of racism, segregation and discrimination towards the African American people. In 1619, the first African slaves were brought to Jamestown to produce tobacco, tea, cotton, coffee and other precious commodities. In this time period, 12 million Africans were forcibly transported to the Americas, where they worked as slaves until 1865, where the 13th Amendment abolished slavery. Although suppressed by whites and organisations such as the Ku Klux Klan, African Americans in the 1920s began to work towards social, economic and political independence as well as freedom from segregation and discrimination. From this decade, groups in favour of ending prejudice towards African Americans were formed, such as the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) led by W. E. B. DuBois and the UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association) led by Marcus Garvey, who, in their own rights, continued the legacy of Booker T. Washington who had worked towards Black rights in the 1890s. * â€Å"We must canonize our own saints, create our own martyrs, and elevate to positions of fame and honor black men and women who have made distinct contributions to our racial history† – Marcus Garvey World War I was a perfect opportunity for African Americans to prove themselves to their white neighbours, and fulfil the policies of Booker T. Washington, that in order to achieve acceptance, equality and freedom, they must first prove that they are worthy of their rights, which was done through service in the armed forces. However, instead of being accepted by white society, African Americans found that racial tensions only grew during the 1920s. Starting from the 1910s, a phenomenon had been occurring known as the Great Migration – the movement of African Americans from Southern cities to Northern ones as a result of extreme racism, the threat of lynching and the general aggression from whites. The African American population grew from 44 000 in 1920 to 234 000 in 1930 in Chicago, and Black Chicagoans gained access to city jobs, expanded their professional class and even won elective office in local and state government. However, in places such as Harlem, New York City, many African Americans were forced into small ghettos due to the unavailability of housing to them. Despite this, migration to the North meant that African Americans had become a powerful voting group, one that many white politicians took interest in (such as the Communist Party of America) and also pushed for civil rights of African Americans as they realised that racism was not just a Southern problem. Another side effect of the Great Migration, and ghettos was the flourishing of African American culture in the Black, or Harlem Renaissance. This movement was characterised by the idea of the ‘New Negro’ whose intellect through music, art and literature would challenge racism and stereotypes to promote progressive politics and social integration. One such example of the New Negro is Marcus Garvey, the Jamaican-born founder of the UNIA, who acted the part of a Negro king, established the African Orthodox Church and promoted a policy of separatism and a move of all African Americans back to Africa. The Harlem Renaissance saw a new culture develop in Harlem, the ghetto backstreets of New York City, where African Americans would reach back to their rich cultural heritage and produce creative works to express their feelings in the 1920s, such as Jazz music, which employed the minds of Louis Armstrong, Jelly Roll Morton, Duke Ellington and many more. Other famous figures include Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston and Countee Cullen, who inspired African Americans to remain strong despite the threat of racial violence. As a result of the Harlem Renaissance and the culture produced there, African Americans through taking pride in their heritage found empowerment, which lead to the beginnings of groups such as the Civil Rights Movement, and also, due to the significant effect they had on white culture (such as the development of modern music) it was impossible for white Americans to ignore the achievements occurring in Harlem and other black communities, and allow segregation to continue at such a large scale. Despite the cultural developments in Harlem and the formation of the African American identity, white culture found it extremely difficult to accept their black neighbours, leading to racial tensions, and often as a result, lynchings. One such example of racial tension leading to horrific consequences was the Tulsa Race Riots. In 1921, Tulsa Oklahoma was experiencing an economic boom thanks to the discovery of oil. Due to this African Americans also prospered, although confined to the Greenwood section of the city, also referred to as the Black Wall Street, due to a number of wealthy black entrepreneurs residing there. At this time, membership in the Ku Klux Klan was rising and there was an active chapter in Tulsa. On Memorial Day, a riot was triggered by a report in several white newspapers that a white, female elevator operator had been allegedly raped by black youths. In response to this, rumours circulated around the city that a mob was going to attempt to lynch the youths, then a group of armed African Americans bolted to the local police station in order to stop the lynching mob, that did not exist. A confrontation followed where shots were fired and several whites killed. As news of the events spread through Tulsa, thousands of whites caused uproar through Greenwood as they ran through the Black Wall Street, killing African Americans and vandalising, burning and looting homes and businesses. However, when the National Guard was called in, only blacks were arrested (around four or five thousand), and as a result of the day’s violence, around 35 blocks of Greenwood were destroyed, $1. 5 million worth of damage caused, and reports of up to 300 African Americans killed, and only 20 whites. Today, white citizens of Oklahoma have only recently accepted the blame for the hundreds of deaths as a result of the Tulsa Race Riots. * â€Å"I was frequently whipped and also put into an electric chair and shocked and strangling drugs would be put in my nose to make me tell that others had killed or shot at white people and force me to testify against them† – Alf Banks. One of the many goals of the NAACP was to make Black Americans aware of their political rights, including their right to vote. They also wished to see an end to the lynching of African Americans throughout the US, and with the help of the Tuskegee Institute compiled information that revealed that from 1890 to 1921, there had been more lynchings than executions, and that of the 4096 known lynchings, 810 of those had been for rape or attempted rape. In 1922, the law known as the Dyer Anti-Lynching Law was passed through the House of Representatives with more than two-thirds in favour of the bill, but failed to make it through the Senate, due to the lack of political will in the 1920s to see an end to lynching, and also because of the influence of the Southern Democrats. However, due to the research undertaken by the NAACP and the Tuskegee Institute being released in the press, and thus, to the general public, the outcry leads to a decrease in lynchings. In 1923, the NAACP gained an impressive legal victory against the courts of Arkansas in what is known as the Moore versus Dempsey case. In the Elaine, Arkansas riot of 1919, 5 whites were killed, allegedly by African Americans. As a result of this, over 700 African Americans were arrested, 67 sent to prison and 12 sentenced to death, after being tried by an all white jury. Walter White, a member of the NAACP, took interest in the case and after travelling to Arkansas posing as a newspaper reporter, and into Phillips County where the ‘massacre’ took place, he published what he had found. The NAACP then hired black and white lawyers, who argued that due to the mob that had circled the courthouse on the day of the trial, the 12 men had not received a fair trial. On the 19th of February 1923, the Supreme Court decided in the favour of the NAACP, the case was handed down to the lower courts and all 12 men were freed. * â€Å"Until your produce what the white man has produced, you will not be his equal† – Marcus Garvey Marcus Garvey, the founder of the UNIA believed that the only way to establish African Americans as an independent group was through capitalism. On January 30 1920, the Negro Factories Corporation was created in Delaware, whose purpose was to help African Americans rely on their own efforts. By May the same year, the corporation had taken over the management of the steam laundry in Harlem, and was also opening millinery. Soon afterwards in June, the organisation had commenced the production of UNIA uniforms and insignia at the Universal Tailoring and Dress Making Department. Throughout America, UNIA branches were encouraged to buy into their own buildings and open their own businesses, such as the Panama branch, which ran a bakery. The shares however, of these establishments were open to only to members of the UNIA. In 1921, the Negro Factories Corporation fell victim to organisational mismanagement, and ceased operations. Although the company never reached the height of Garvey’s vision, it gave hundreds of African Americans hope by providing people with employment in Harlem, as well as assistance through aid societies, small loans and death benefits. Another organisation set up to help stimulate the African American economy was the National Urban League, although established in 1910, helped African Americans migrate from rural to urban areas during the 1920s, its purpose being â€Å"to promote, encourage, assist and engage in any and all kinds of work for improving the industrial, economic, social and spiritual conditions among Negroes†. In 1921, the Department of Research was created by the League for the purpose of surveying Black populations in northern cities, resulting in the discovery African Americans faced regarding employment, sanitation and hygiene, and education. By addressing these problems, the League quickly grew, and is still in action today. One of the main problems facing African Americans when seeking employment was that union membership was discouraged throughout the 1920s, by the American Federation of Labor (AFL). This, along with the increased job competition brought about by migrants, lead to a weakened labour movement in the US. All African American unionists were banned from condemning the activities of the Ku Klux Klan, and the anti-labour behaviour of capitalists (who believed African Americans were associated with the increased industrialist power) lead not only to increased racial tension, but also further economic competition between lower classes. The Communist Party of America had hoped through their own establishment, the American Negro Labor Congress that all African American unionists would be brought together, in order to assist their own political fortunes. This movement however had little support, with less than 200 African American members in 1928. Due to the difficulties African Americans had with finding work should they be part of a union, as well as the increased racial tensions brought about with taking up their rights to be part of a union, memberships declined from 5 million to 3. 5 million by the end of the 1920s. Despite the difficulties African Americans had finding work, when actually in employment, the pay differences between white and black workers, especially in factories, were small. Unfortunately, the jobs open to African Americans were generally limited and concentrated around unskilled labour, which was often unpleasant, and dangerous, such as working in blast furnaces in steel plants, or in the killing and cutting departments of meat packing plants. Also, because of the reluctance of blacks to join unions (many employers banned union membership) they were more likely to be hired at times of strikes. The Ford Motor Company hired large amounts of African American factory workers, starting with only 50 in 1916, and increasing to over 10 000 in 1926. Unlike motor companies in Detroit who refused to hire African American workers, Ford treated their black employees with the same policy as their white employees, including the amount of working hours paid, with only a 40 hour, 5 day week for workers, unlike companies in the steel industry which supported a 12 hour day. The lack of education in African Americans, with the average standard of highest education being the 5th grade (the average for whites being 8th grade), lead many to seek work at the Ford Motor Company, and by the end of the 1920s, accounting for 7% of the total workforce. * As a result of all that occurred in the 1920s African American USA, many examples of what were achieved, and what happened can be seen today, in modern America. For example, the Harlem Renaissance which saw the flourishing of Jazz Music in New York, helped lead to the music we hear today. The NAACP which gained legal victories, such as the Moore versus Dempsey case, and helped win Blacks civil rights, is still operating today, as America’s oldest and largest civil rights group for ethnic minorities. The Great Migration, and willingness for black workers to prove themselves, established African American populations in all major cities in America, making them a huge driving force in politics, and incorporated them into what we now see a slightly less racist, more accepting society. America, as we know it, would never have occurred unless African Americans had been there to influence the growth of one of the largest capitalist societies in the world. Bibliography †¢ Harlan, L. R. (1974 – source). History Matters. [on-line]. Available from: http://historymatters. gmu. edu/d/39 [accessed 16 Aug. 2010] †¢ South Dakota Alliance for Distance Education. (2002). The 1920s. [on-line]. Available from: http://doe. sd. gov/octa/ddn4learning/themeunits/1920s/americans. htm [accessed 18 Aug. 1010] †¢ Manning, C. (2005). African Americans. [on-line]. Available from: http://encyclopedia. chicagohistory. org/pages/27. html [accessed 18 Aug. 2010] †¢ Educational Broadcasting Corporation. (2002). [on-line]. Available from: http://www. pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/ [accessed 18 Aug. 2010] †¢ Ogunyemi, B. (2009). Tulsa Oklahoma’s Greenwood District. [on-line]. Available from: http://traditionofexcellence. wordpress. com/2008/02/08/tulsa-oklahomas-greenwood-district-black-wall-street/ [Accessed 24 August 2010] †¢ Schultz, S. (1999). Civil Rights in an Uncivil Society. [on-line] Available from: http://us. history. wisc. edu/hist102/lectures/lecture26. html [accessed 24 August 2010] †¢ Ellsworth, S. (2010). The Tulsa Race Riot. [on-line]. Available from: http://www.tulsareparations. org/TulsaRiot. htm [accessed 24 August 2010] †¢ Van Leeuwen, D. (2000). Marcus Garvey and the UNIA. [on-line]. Available from: http://nationalhumanitiescenter. org/tserve/twenty/tkeyinfo/garvey. htm [accessed 19 August 2010] †¢ Maloney T. M. (2010). African Americans in the 20th Century. [on-line]. Available from: http://en. net/encyclopedia/article/maloney. african. american [accessed 19 August 2010] †¢ Library of Congress. (2009). African Americans and Consumerism. [on-line]. Available from:

Perception Towards Successful Brand Essay

Rev. of â€Å"Building Brands Without Mass Media.† Joachimsthaler, Erich, and David A. Aaker. Harvard Business Review 3 March 2009: 4-6. Print. In this article, the authors emphasize that a company must have a clear brand identity with depth and texture so it will not convey confuse messages to customers. Also, they provide some marketing strategies for the brands to set up a clear and effective brand identity. Besides, they illustrate six companies that have a strong and clear brand identity in which The Body Shop and Haggen-Dazs are examined in detail. Apart from these, they use various examples to demonstrate the operations of The Body Shop and Haggen-Dazs. Last but not least, they have compared The Body Shop and Haggen-Dazs with their competitors. Lastly, they discuss the advertising methods of Haggen-Dazs in which they think the Farggi strategy that can confuse the customers the most. (Melanie) Hartman, Cathy L., and Caryn L. Beck-Dudley. â€Å"Marketing Strategies and the Search for Virtue: A Case Analysis of The Body Shop, International.† Journal of Business Ethics 20.3 (1999): 253-257. Print. In this journal, the authors use some historical examples to discuss three organizational virtues—excellence, integrity and judgment in which they think that the virtues are now defined and extended to community, membership and holism. Most importantly, they believe that the virtues are now widely applied in the companies. However, they agree with the researchers that it is difficult to theorize the concept of community. Besides, they use the founder of The Body Shop—Anita Roddick as the main example to illustrate the virtues can be utilized in a big company in multifarious aspects. (Melanie) Salver, Jessica. Brand Management in the Hotel Industry and its Potential for Achieving Customer Loyalty. Germany: GRIN Verlag, 2009. Print. In this book, the author mainly discusses some product requirements for a brand to become successful. Although it is not her intention to suggest that a brand will not become successful without the listed requirements, she examines numerous factors that can build up a successful brand in detail, such as high and differentiated demand for product class, the product is easy to identify and product quality is easy to maintain. Also, she has used The Body Shop and McDonald as the examples to explain her factors in detail. Besides, she believes that if the brand offers a reasonable price for the customers, they will certainly buy the products. Rev. of Starbucks: Delivering Customer Service. Moon, Youngme, and John Quelch. Harvard Business Review 10 July 2006: 3-4. Print. In this book, the authors have used Starbucks as an example to evaluate the value proposition and they use â€Å"live coffee† to describe the national coffee culture of it. Also, they use three components to illustrate the branding strategy of it. For example, it imports the best coffee beans from the world, develops a close intimacy with the customer and creates a good atmosphere. Besides, they discuss the locations of the Starbucks in which they are usually located in high-traffic and high-visibility places, such as commercial centers and universities. In addition, they investigate different products and the welfares of the employees in the Starbucks. Adubato, Steve. You Are the Brand. Canada: Rutgers University Press, 2011. Print. In this book, the author uses his personal experience to show Starbucks is not an accidental brand and it does not really keep a connection with customers. However, he agrees that Starbucks has built on â€Å"comfortable† and â€Å"familiar† for him in the end of the chapter. Besides, he believes Starbucks’ reputations are built on the word of mouth from the customers and excellent services from the employees. In addition, he has cited the book from the original chairman and CEO of Starbucks to demonstrate the objectives of the company and the reasons that it starts to lose customers. Lastly, although he laments the Starbucks has become more commercial, he still enjoys his leisure time in it.

Community Health Nursing Essay Example

Community Health Nursing Essay Example Community Health Nursing Essay Community Health Nursing Essay Healthy People provide a 10-year national aim for bettering the wellness of Americans. It has established benchmarks and monitored advancement over clip in order to promote coactions across the state. authorising persons toward doing knowing wellness determinations. and mensurating the impact of bar activities. The vision is for a society in which all people live long and healthy lives. Objectives new to Healthy People 2020 are related to policies aiming immature kids through physical activity in child care scenes. telecasting screening and computing machine use. deferral and physical instruction in the Nation’s public and private simple schools. Physical activity is of import as it can better wellness and quality of life for all. including those with disablements. Increased physical activity in kids and striplings can better bone wellness. cardiorespiratory and muscular fittingness. lessening degrees of organic structure fat and cut down symptoms of depression. There is an epidemic of fleshiness among our kids today. this is linked to the over usage of computing machine games and telecasting. Healthy People 2020 have set an nonsubjective that sets bounds to screen clip. It was instead interesting to me that the baby doctor informed me that my baby. now a yearling should non be watching telecasting at all as recommended by the Journal of Pediatrics. As mentioned in The Journal for Nurse Practitioners. there is a unsafe nexus found between childhood fleshiness and asthma ( Rance. A ; O’Laughlen. 2011 ) . A common premise is that weight addition occurs because many wheezing patients avoid exercising since physical activity can trip their symptoms. though many lending factors coexist ( Rance. et. Al. . 2011 ) . Interesting plenty there has been a suggestion that overweight/obesity as a hazard factor for developing asthma ( Papoutsaakis. Priftis. Drakouli. Prifti. Konstantaki. Chondronikola. A ; Matziou. 2013 ) . As an stripling I was diagnosed with holding chronic asthma. as I was highly active and non an fleshy kid. Physical activity was a normal portion of my day-to-day afterschool modus operandi. I ran path. was a member of the swim squad and was on the cheerleading squad. So holding asthma one should non except physical activity from their life as it helps to forestall fleshiness and other complaints. A survey illustrated that kids were more expert at placing healthy nutrients and explicating their benefits than placing activities that make their organic structures healthy ( Lanigan. 2011 ) . This survey besides discovered that the media was the primary beginning of children’s wellness cognition. Parents need to go more involved and lead by illustration as it pertains to the wellness and public assistance of their kids. This is why I frequently volunteer for the assorted optimist nines in the community. sharing information on the importance of remaining active. hydrated and eating a well balanced diet. I keep my childs in extracurricular activities such as athleticss. advancing physical activity and a healthy life style. Early-learning professionals and parents need to play a more outstanding function in learning kids about the benefits of healthy feeding and activity ( Lanigan. 2011 ) . There has been a correlativity between paternal influences on children’s weight addition. as a reappraisal demonstrated male parents who were fleshy viewed themselves and their progeny as normal weight ( Fraser. Skouteris. McCabe. Ricciardelli. Milgrom. A ; Baur. 2011 ) . The kids in this survey were more likely to eat fast nutrient. eat at fast gait. eat when bored and were less likely to eat dinner together as a household ( Fraser. et Al. . 2011 ) . As it was difficult to spot whether these behaviours are a consequence of kids patterning behaviours displayed by their fathers’ . although the heavier the male parents were the greater the figure of hours their kids spent in sedentary activities such as watching telecasting and utilizing the computing machine ( Fraser. et Al. . 2011 ) . One scheme non mentioned in Healthy People 2020 is mandating parent engagement and mold. which I consider first line of defence for bar of childhood fleshiness and related disease. The Affordable Care Act ( ACA ) . physiques on and strengthens the foundation for bar and health established by Healthy People. the nation’s wellness publicity and disease bar aspirations for a healthier state ( Fielding. Teutsch. A ; Koh. 2012 ) . The Guide to Community Preventive Services recommends doing physical activity the easy pick by making in our communities accessible Parkss and diversion ; promoting the societal norm of walking. bicycling. and mounting stepss where these activities can reasonably replacement for driving and siting lifts or escalators ; and puting greater accent on mass theodolite and assorted residential and commercial development to promote greater spacial integrating of topographic points where people live. work and store ( Fielding. et Al. . 2012 ) . In decision. community based childhood fleshiness bar plans with a school constituent concentrating on both diet and physical activity is more effectual at forestalling fleshiness and corpulence ( Bleich. Segal. Wu. Wilson. A ; Wang. 2013 ) . As antecedently mentioned one scheme non mentioned in Healthy People 2020 is mandating parent engagement and mold. which I consider first line of defence for bar of childhood fleshiness and related disease. Mentions Bleich. S. N. . Segal. J. . Wu. Y. . Wilson. R. . A ; Wang. Y. ( 2013 ) . Systematic reappraisal of community-based childhood fleshiness bar surveies. Pediatrics. 132 ( 1 ) . e201-e210. doi:10. 1542/peds. 2013-0886 Fielding. J. E. . Teutsch. S. . A ; Koh. H. ( 2012 ) . Health reform and healthy people initiative. American Journal of Public Health. 102 ( 1 ) . 30-33. doi:102105/AJPH. 2011. 300312 Fraser. J. . Skouteris. H. . McCabe. M. . Ricciardelli. L. A. . Milgrom. J. . A ; Baur. L. A. ( 2011 ) . Paternal influences on children’s weight addition: a system reappraisal. Fathering. 9 ( 3 ) . 252-267. doi:10. 3149/fth. 0903. 252 Lanigan. J. D. ( 2011 ) . The substance and beginnings of immature children’s healthy feeding and physical activity cognition: deductions for fleshiness bar attempts. Child: Care. Health A ; Development. 37 ( 3 ) . 368-376. doi:10. 1111/j. 1365-2214. 2010. 01191. ten Papoutsaakis. C. . Priftis. K. N. . Drakouli. M. . Prifti. S. . Konstantaki. E. . Chondronikola. M. . A ; Matziou. V. ( 2013 ) . Childhood overweight/obesity and asthma: is there a nexus? a system reappraisal of recent epidemiologic grounds. Journal of The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 113 ( 1 ) . 77-105. doi10. 1016/j. jand. 2012. 08. 025 Rance. K. . O’Laughlen. M. ( 2011 ) . Fleshiness and asthma: a unsafe nexus in kids: an integrative reappraisal of the literature. Journal for Nurse Practitioners. 7 ( 4 ) . 287-292. doi:10. 1016/j. nurpra. 2010. 06. 011