Relevant Legislation, Regulations and Codes of Practice

Care workers have got the responsibility to follow the relevant legislation which is in a form of policies and procedures to follow while at the work place so as to protect the employer and the clients.Health and work safety work act 1974 has got policies and procedures to follow so as to protect others from risks that could happen at work and it has got policies and procedures such as fire evacuation procedures for example the hand massage room was checked so as to make sure that the fire doors are not obstructed and the clients I worked with had received induction and she knew the fire evacuation procedures for example where the fire exits are, where to go for assembly when fire bell goes and many others.This act also covers risk assessments for example the adult should make sure that the dancing room has the right floors which is non-slip floors so as to prevent risks of hazards , the correct clothing for dancing and the room should not be crowded and no objects on the floor. The act also states about manual handling and the act protects people from being injured from manual handling and instead uses lifting safely instead of manual handling which could be a risk to the client and the employer.Reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences regulations 1995 and this act states that if you have an infection which is contagious or an injury then one should be able to use non-verbal communication through a use of letter telling them why you are not coming in, what happened, when it happened , what you did or what you doing to cure it and the date and time of incident so basically this act is just when one can’t come into work because of a certain contagious illness and also recording it in an accident book.Food hygiene/ storage also is a policy to follow so as to avoid food poisoning to the clients and careers and the staff have got to be trained so as they can know how to handle food, store food safely and also prevent and avoid access of bact eria so as to avoid the risk of food poisoning which could lead to signs such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and other signs which could affect the health of the clients.COSHH (control of substances hazardous to health) 2002 act says labels should remain on bottles so as to know what to do if an accident happens; it also states the right of storage of materials and chemicals so as to avoid risks due to the hazardous chemicals that could cause risks to the clients and the workers.Disability /Discrimination act 1995 is an act that protects the disabled and also give them the equal opportunities even if they have to be treated individually and also employers should also supply services that the disabled could also access so that they could also access the services for example having lifts in a building, ramps so that the disabled could be able to access it. The disabled should be not being treated less favorably or failure to have equipment to access services just like every individual in the society.The act also protects people from being discriminated and also enforces equality hence discouraging bad acts such as race discrimination, age discrimination, sex discrimination and many others. The disability act also states that shops should have equipments / adjustments that disabled people could access for example lifts, words written clearly in big capital letters or Braille for the blind and communication styles such as sign language for the hearing impaired and many other equipments for them to access services too.The hand massage room should also be accessed for example the room should be able to adapt the needs of the disabled students such as lifts, ramps and also the right equipment for example the right tables and chairs needed for the disabled students. Human rights act 1998 also states that people have rights and if they think that their rights are being violated then they should have a law solution so that they could be protected from others. Human right s include the right to have a safe life for example people who work with vulnerable adults should have CRB check and relevant qualifications.I am studying at level 2 and training to work safely with this client group, right not to be discriminated again, right to liberty, freedom of expression, right to fair trial, right to enjoy, freedom of speech and many other rights and these rights should be exercised . However, one should not affect others just because he/she has rights because also others have also got the same rights so one should use their rights but also make sure that their rights don’t harm others.Equal opportunities act 2004 also states that people should have the same rights and also treated equally regardless of their individual needs because some people are more vulnerable than others and that is why some people have to be treated individually with their needs so as to receive equal opportunities with the other individuals in the society for example if the cli ents were going to have a hand massage and one client has got eczema then he/she has to get a hand cream that suits her type of skin so as for her to get the hand massage as well hence the clients receiving equal opportunities but treated individually.The equal opportunities states that everyone has the right to have a hand massage even if they have got skin complications for example people with brittle bones and different skin integrities must receive the right and equal care. This act also covers that everyone should have right to join activities for example everyone has the right to dance even thought they are disabled they could either move to the music or get out of their chairs with the help of crutches and people who can’t get out their chairs can also participate in this activity by joining and listening to music hence enjoying the social occasion.The care standard act 2002 also states that the care workers have got the responsibility of following policies and procedu res of the work placement and also the codes of practice so as for them to know how to treat the clients and their fellow colleagues. The act also states that the staff (care workers) has got to be trained and CRB checked so as to know their history life and to also make sure that they are suitable to be care workers.This cat also states that the care workers have got to be ISA registered and also allows the staff to complain and the employers have got to check the complaints of the staff and adjust them fairly so that the staff and the care workers are protected from harm. This act also states that the clients must be respected for example if any client didn’t want hand massage then they should not have it.This act also covers the dignity of the clients for example clients who are going to swim should be able to be given individual rooms so as to protect their dignity, swimming pools should also have the right access for example hoists, steps and the ramps so that they could enjoy their swimming without any disturbances. The codes of practice are linked to the legislation, policies and procedures and they should always be followed by the staff so as to improve on the tandards of professional conduct and practice required for the staff. The adult should always protect the rights and promote the interests of service users and care workers for example treating each person as an individual and an adult should also strive to establish and maintain the trust and confidence of service users and care workers for example being honest and trust worthy to clients.An adult should also promote the independence of service users while protecting them from as far as possible from danger or harm for example promoting the independence of service users and assisting them understand and exercise their rights, an adult should also respect the rights of the service users whilst seeking to ensure that their behavior does not harm themselves or other people.

A fear of democracy runs throughout liberalism Essay

The relationship between Liberalism and democracy can summed up by Winston Churchill’s famous remark, â€Å"†¦democracy is the worst form of Government except all those other forms†¦Ã¢â‚¬  A fear of democracy does runs throughout 19th centrury liberals due to many reasons, one of them being their fear of collective power. On the other hand by the 20th century Democracy became more accepted in liberalism and the fear of democracy no longer remained. Plato and Aristotle viewed democracy as a â€Å"chaotic rule of masses at the expense of wisdom and property†. Nineteenth century liberals agreed with this idea as they saw democracy as dangerous and feared it. They were concerned that democracy could threaten individual liberty. Democracy is necessarily collectivist, in that it places political authority in the hands of the people who are not a single entity but are turned into a collection of individuals or groups. This contradicts the liberal principle of individuality and atomistic society. Therefore this might lead in the interests of individual citizens being ignored. In society people have different opinions and opposing interests often resulting to political instability and conflict. The democratic solution to this conflict is the application of the majority rule; the principle that the will of the majority should prevail over that of the minority. Mill feared the unintended consequences of the rule of masses. Therefore nineteenth century liberals feared the negative repercussions of democracy such as the tyranny of the majority as the principle of the majority rule can result into the suppression of individual freedom and minority rights. Majoritarianism can not only ignore the interests of the minority but it can also create a culture of dull conformism, where people according to Mill become â€Å"transformed into mere industrious sheep as they defer to the judgments of the majority based on the unfounded assumption that the majority is always right.† Therefore Mill is trying to say that democracy supresses originality and individuality. However nineteenth century liberals have expressed reservations about democracy not just because of the danger of majority rule but also because of the composition of the majority in modern industrial societies. The liberal theory of utilitarianism and equality led to an abundance for the  few but subsistence for the many and while in theory it is happiness that is maximised, in practice it is wealth. Therefore if society is deeply divided, majoritarianism would expose the rich to a tyranny of the poor. J.S Mill believed that political wisdom is unequally distributed and largely related to education. The uneducated poor are more likely to act according to narrow class interests so for them to have the majority would be disastrous. Mill argued that the educated can use their wisdom and experience for the good of others. Therefore he believed elected politicians should speak for themselves rather than reflect the views of their electors and suggested a system of plural voting that would deprive the illiterate from power . This argument shows a view against representative government which is a key feature of democracy. Fears of tyranny of majority by the uneducated poor as a result of the arrival of mass democracy which result into the destruction of a civilized society and moral order are also expressed by Gasset. As well as this liberals feared excessive democracy because democratic systems that widen access to political influence tend to be characterized by growth in interventionism and the problem of over-government. Such intervention may weaken the efficiency of market capitalism and therefore contradict early liberals belief that the market should be free from government interference. As a result excessive democracy may disadvantage the mass of citizens in the long run. By the twentieth century, however, many liberals had come to see democracy as a virtue. Democracy broadens and deepens popular participation. According to Mill the most important advantage of democracy is that it promotes the highest and most harmonious development of human capacities. It is true to say that democracy stimulates civil participation in the political decision-making process creating a better-informed and politically sophisticated citizenry. Consequently Rousseau and Mill claimed that in the absence of democracy ignorance and brutality will prevail. Modern liberals have come to understand that democracy has educational benefits as citizens enhance their understanding and achieve a higher level of personal development. Democracy therefore takes a developmental form in the twentieth century. In addition democracy defends freedom by allowing citizens to protect themselves against tyrannical governments and unpopular policies. In the seventeenth century classical liberals such as Locke argued that voting rights should be extended to the propertied who could then defend their natural rights against government. Jeremy Bentham and James Mill , nineteenth century liberals developed the notion of democracy as a form of protection for the individual into a case of universal suffrage. This meant that individuals would vote to defend their interests and that is the only way of promoting the greatest happiness of the greatest number. However as time went by Locke’s theory of protective democracy has been transformed into a developmental view of democracy. For example a greater sympathy for universal suffrage is shown by James’s Mill son John who argues for the empowerment of women and against the plight of workers, showing he had moved from a protective to a developmental view of democracy. Since the twentieth century liberal theories about democracy have tended to focus less on consent and participation and more on the need for consensus in society. Pluralist theorists have argued that organized groups not individuals play the most important role in the politics of increasing complex modern societies which are characterized by competition amongst rival interests. Therefore democracy has the benefit that, in giving a political voice to all competing groups and interests in society it binds them to the political system and tends to promote consensus thereby maintaining balance and political stability within modern societies. Therefore in conclusion nineteenth century liberals mostly feared democracy but as time went by liberals of the twentieth century came to recognize its benefits .Even though there are conflicting ideas within liberalism and democracy, the liberal acceptance of universal suffrage, the key feature of democracy, has led to an acceptance to all the elements of democracy including majority rule and representative government. This is because liberals were able to create solutions to prevent the extremes of democracy .This can be seen with the example of majoritarianism when the liberal element of checks and balances prevents the tyranny of the majority.

Online Marketing

INTRODUCTION EVOLUTION OF MARKETING Mar-ket-ing Spelled Pronunciation [mahr-ki-ting] – noun 1. The act of buying or selling in a market. 2. The total of activities involved in the transfer of goods from the producer or seller to the consumer or buyer. including advertising, shipping, storing, and selling. At the beginning of the century, social life was mostly local. It was followed by a period in which commodities were produced on a mass scale: Consumer Marketing operated on mass marketing principles and business primarily concerned itself with how to build the best sales force.At the end of the century, there is an emerging global culture. The major driver of these changes is technology. Technological change has moved steadily back focusing on the individual. These changes shape the possibility and conduct of business. Marketing is especially tied to communication and transportation revolution. As the tools and reach of marketing increase, the job and responsibilities of mar keters have evolved with them. Philip Kotler formalized this evolution with his book â€Å"Marketing Management†.His key stages are production, sales and brand management. Each of these is strongly motivated by technological opportunities, which permit new methods and new opportunities. A fourth stage, a focus on the individual customer, is also important. As the new technology of the Internet develops, it reinforces the new marketing emphasis – which in many ways is a return to business at the turn of the century. In today's technology driven world, a new fast paced digital economy is emerging. Tomorrow there will be companies that will exist only inside computer networks.Most business transactions will be made electronically, directly from the producer to the consumer, bypassing the supply chain. In the digital marketing environment, the consumer becomes an integral player in the development of the product. In fact, a consumer might build the product himself from a w ide array of parts provided by the Company. It is ecommerce that is changing the way products and services are conceived. Manufactured, promoted, priced, distributed and sold. The reason being that it is much cheaper; it allows vast coverage and helps in serving the customer better ———————————————— Online marketing ————————————————- ————————————————- The internet has become an ongoing emerging source that tends to expand more and ————————————————- more. The growth of this particular medium attracts the attention of advertisers as a —â⠂¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- more productive source to bring in consumers. ————————————————- ————————————————-A clear advantage consumers have with online marketing is the control they have ————————————————- over the product, choosing whether to check it out or not. Online marketing may also ————————————————- offer various forms of animation. In its most common use, the term â€Å"online advertising† —————— ——————————- comprises all sorts of banner, e-mail, in-game, and keyword advertising, including on ————————————————- latforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace. Web-related advertising has a variety ————————————————- of ways to publicize and reach a niche audience to focus its attention to a specific group. ————————————————- Research has proven that online advertising has given results and is a growing business ————————————————- revenue. For the year 2012, Jupiter Resear ch predicted $34. 5 billion in US online ————————————————- advertising spending. ———————————————— ————————————————- ————————————————- Types of Internet marketing ————————————————- Internet marketing is broadly divided into the following types: ————————————————- display advertising: the use of web banners or banner ads place d on a third-party website or blog  to drive traffic to a company's own website and increase product awareness. ————————————————-Search engine marketing  (SEM): a form of marketing that seeks to promote  websites  by increasing their visibility in search engine result pages  (SERPs) through the use of either paid placement, contextual advertising, and paid inclusion, or through the use of free search engine optimization   techniques also known as organic result. ————————————————- Search engine optimizaton (SEO): the process of improving the visibility of a website or a web page in search engines via the â€Å"natural† or un-paid (â€Å"organic† or â€Å"algorithmic†) search results. —————— —————————— Social media marketing: the process of gaining traffic or attention through social media websites such as Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn. ————————————————- Email marketing: directly marketing a commercial message to a group of people using electronic mail. ————————————————- Referral maketing: a method of promoting products or services to new customers through referrals, usually word od mouth . ————————————————-Affiliate marketing: a marketing practice in which a business rewards one or more affiliates for each visitor or customer brought about by the affiliate's own marketi ng efforts. ————————————————- Content marketing: the process of creating specialized content such as infographics, blog articles and ebooks to attract more customers. ————————————————- Inbound marketing: involves creating and freely sharing informative content as a means of converting prospects into customers and customers into repeat buyers. ————————————————-Video marketing: This type of marketing specializes in creating videos that engage the viewer into a buying state by presenting information in video form and guiding them to a product or service. Online video is increasingly becoming more popular among internet users and companies are seeing it as a viable method of attracting customers. ADVERTISING Ad-ver-tis-ing Show Spelled Pronunciation [ad-ver-tahy-zing] – noun 1. the act or practice of calling public attention to one's product, service, need, etc. , esp. by paid announcements in newspapers and magazines, over radio or television, on billboards, etc. to get more customers by advertising. 2. Paid announcements; advertisements. 3. The profession of planning, designing, and writing advertisements. Advertising is a paid form of communication, although some forms of advertising, such as public service announcements, use donated space and time. Second, not only is the message paid for, but the sponsor is identified. Third, most advertising tries to persuade or influence the consumer to do something, although in some cases the point of the message is simply to make consumers aware of the product or company.Fourth and fifth, the message is conveyed through many different kinds of mark media reaching a large audience of po tential consumers. Finally, because advertising is a form of mass communication, it also non-personal. A definition of advertising, then, includes all six features Advertising is paid non-personal communication from an identified sponsor using mass media lo persuade or influence an audience. Functions of Advertising Advertising is an important promotional tool for any marketing campaign. So much so that whenever we think of marketing we think of advertising although it is just one of the marketing tools.Till now only companies with a profit motive went in for advertising. But today government bodies as well as non-governmental organizations ING0s) go fir high profile advertising campaigns. The purpose here is not to increase the sales figure but to increase the awareness of people regarding the relevant topics. Even though each ad or campaign tries to accomplish goals unique to its sponsor, advertising performs three basic functions: 1. Provide product or brand information Although many ads are devoid of information, providing the consumer with relevant information that will aid decision making is stilt the main function of advertising.The information given depends on the needs of the target audience. In the case of purchasing a new suit, needed information might simply include price and outlet location. For technical products, the information is likely to be very detailed. 2. Provide incentives to take decision In most instances, consumers are reluctant to change established behavior. Even if there are somewhat dissatisfied with the current product or service, a habit has been established and learning about a new product is deemed difficult. Advertising provides the consumer with reasons to switch brands by presenting reasons through copy or graphics.Convenience, high quality, lower price, warranties, Or a celebrity endorser are all possibilities. 3. Provide reminders and reinforcement It’s amazing how much advertising is directed at current customers. Consumers' forget why they bought a particular brand of microwave or automobile. Advertising must remind the customer constantly about the name of the brand, its benefits, its value, and so forth. These same messages help reinforce the customers decision. Most television advertising seems to provide this function Types of Advertising – Advertising is a form of selling.It tries to make consumers buy goods or services. Advertisers must be aware of the factors that influence people's buying habits and then use advertising strategies based on this knowledge. Advertising can be classified in number of ways. 1. Print Advertising: Newspapers, Magazines, Brochures, Fliers The print media have always been a popular advertising medium. Advertising products via newspapers or magazines is a common practice. In addition to this, the print media also offers options like promotional brochures and fliers for advertising purposes. 2. Outdoor Advertising:Billboards, Kiosks, Tradeshows and Eve nts (OOH) Outdoor advertising is also a very popular form of advertising, which makes use of several tools and techniques to attract the customers outdoors. The most common examples of outdoor advertising are billboards, kiosks, and also several events and tradeshows organized by the company. The billboard advertising is very popular however has to be really terse and catchy in order to grab the attention of the passersby. The kiosks not only provide an easy outlet for the company products but also make for an effective advertising tool to promote the company's products.Organizing several events or sponsoring those makes for an excellent advertising opportunity. The company can organize trade fairs, or even exhibitions for advertising their products. If not this, the company can organize several events that are closely associated with their field. 3. Broadcast advertising: Television, Radio and the Internet Broadcast advertising is a very popular advertising medium that constitutes of several branches like television, radio or the Internet. Television advertisements have been very popular ever since they have been introduced.The radio might have lost its chaem owing to the age media however the radio remains to be the choice of small-scale advertisers. 4. Covert Advertising: Advertising in Movies Covert advertising is a unique kind of advertising in which a product or a particular brand is incorporated in some entertainment and media channels like movies, television shows or even sports. There is no commercial in the entertainment but the brand or the product is subtly (or sometimes evidently) showcased in the entertainment show 5. Surrogate Advertising: Advertising IndirectlySurrogate advertising is prominently seen in cases where advertising a particular product is banned by law. Advertisement for product. – like cigarettes or alcohol which are injurious to heath are prohibited by law in several countries and hence these companies have to come up with several other products tint might have the same brand name and indirectly remind people of the cigarettes or beer bottles of the same brand. Common examples include Fosters and Kingfisher beer brands, which are often seen to promote their brand with the help of surrogate advertising. 6. Public Service Advertising: Advertising for Social CausesPublic service advertising is a technique that makes use of advertising as an effective communication medium to convey socially relevant inessagtx1 about important matters and social welfare causes like AIDS, energy conservation, political integrity, deforestation, illiteracy, poverty and so on. 7. Celebrity Advertising †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ †¢ Although the audience is getting smarter and smarter and the modern day consumer getting immune to the exaggerated claims made in a majority of advertisements, there exist a section of advertisers that still bank been celebrates and their popularity for advertising their products.Using celebrities for advertising involves signing up celebrities for advertising campaigns, which consist of all sorts of advertising including, television ads or even print advertisements. 8. Internet Advertising Internet promotion is one of the newer types of advertising and can be accomplished in a number of ways. Rash advertising refers to messages that jump onto your computer screen and often move around. They can be hard to close and are annoying, but effective at gaining your attention. Pop up and scrolling ads are other examples of these types of advertising.Pay per click advertising refers to marketers paying to have their web pages placed high on search engine results pages. These are also called sponsored links. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY To compare the trust level of traditional advertising and online advertising (consumers point of view) * To find out the scope of the Internet advertising * To find the reliability and effectiveness of the internet advertising * To compare internet advertisi ng with traditional advertising. INTERNET MARKETING THE ADVENT OF THE INTERNET The new millennium has brought us on the brink of the I. T. Revolution.This revolution has been aided by the advent of the Internet in a big way. Internet is fast changing the way people used to do things. Naturally, the same would have an impact on the advertisers. The Internet has been accepted as the most powerful media for advertising due to the absence of geographical barriers. The advent of the Internet and its subsequent acceptance has once again challenged the traditional forms of advertising. Advertisers are trying to use the ‘net' to advertise their products and hence ‘net' their customers. Thus, with the Internet gaining prominence, advertising equations are fast changing.Internet marketing, also referred to as web marketing, online marketing, or e-Marketing, is the marketing of products or services over the Internet. Internet marketing ties together creative and technical aspects o f the Internet, including design, development, advertising, and sale. The Internet has brought many unique benefits to marketing, one of which being lower costs for the distribution of information and media to a global audience. The interactive nature of Internet marketing, both in terms of providing instant response and eliciting responses, is a unique quality of the medium.Internet marketing is sometimes considered to have a broader scope because it not only refers to digital media such as the Internet. E-mail and wireless media, however, Internet marketing also includes Management of digital customer data and electronic customer relationship management (ECRM) systems. 7 P'S OF INTERNET MARKETING The four P's – Product, Price, Place and Promotion have long been associated with marketing, but things have changed on the Internet. So along with a change in the nature of the four P's there are three new P's which are relevant to the Internet marketer: Presentation, Processes an d Personalization. . Product Product on the Internet usually changes form online, and the user experiences it electronically. in the form of text, images and multimedia. Physical goods are usually presented in the form of a detailed online catalogue that the customer can browse through. Technology allows the user to virtually touch and feel the product on the Internet – rotate it, zoom in or zoom out and even visualize the product in different configurations and combination. Content and software are two avatars of digitized products that can be even distributed over the Internet.On the Internet, E-marketing will be based more on the product qualities rather than on the price. Every company will be able to bring down the cost of its products and hence competition will not be on price. It will rather be on the uniqueness of the product. To be able to attract the customers and retain them, the company will have to provide nouvelle and distinct products that forces the net users to purchase and come beck for more. 2. Price Price has been drastically changed over the Internet. It lets the buyer decides the price. Also it gives the buyers information about multiple sellers selling the same product.It leads to best possible deal for the buyers in terms of price. Pricing is dynamic over the Internet. 3. Place Place revolves around setting up of a marketing channel to reach the customer. Internet serves as a direct marketing channel that allows the producer to reach the customer directly. The elimination of the intermediate channel allows the producer to pass the reduced distribution cost to the customer in the form of discounts. 4. Promotion Promotion is extremely necessary to entice the customer to its website, as there are currently more than one billion web pages.Promoting a website includes both online and offline strategies. Online strategies include search engine optimization, banner ads, and multiple points of entry, viral marketing, and strategic partne rship and affiliate marketing. Presently, the cyberspace is already cluttered with thousands of sites probably selling similar products. For the customers to know of the Company's existence and to garner information on the kind of products or services that the company is offering, promotion has to be carried out. There can be traded links or banner advertisements for the same.Also the traditional mediums like print, outdoor advertising and television can be used to spread awareness. 5. Presentation The presentation of the online business needs to have an easy to use navigation. The look and the feel of the web site should be based on corporate logos and standards. About 80% of the people read only 20% of the web page. Therefore, the web page should not be cluttered with a lot of information. Also, simple but powerful navigational aids on all web pages like search engines make it easy for customar to find their way around. 6. ProcessesCustomer supports needs to be integrated into the online web site. A sales service that will be able to answer the questions of their customers fast and in a reliable manner is necessary. To further enhance after sales service, customers must be able to find out about their order status after the sale has been made. 7. I? Personalization Using the latest software it is possible to customize the entire web site for every single user, without any additional costs. The mass customization allows the company to create web pages products and services that suit the requirement of the user.A customized web page does not only include the preferred layout of the customer but also a reselection of goods the customer may be interested in. UNDERSTANDING THE INTERNET CUSTOMERS Now to be able to use the seven P’s effectively in order to achieve the predefined goals of any organization it is imperative to understand the customers. Customization will only be truly effective if we understand our customer and their true need. Before adapting marketing practices to the Internet, the marketer needs to understand the characteristics of the online customers.The Net users can be classified into five categories depending upon their intention of using the Internet. The five categories of users are: Directed Information Seekers: They require specific, timely and relevant information about the products and services being offered. Undirected Information Seekers: These users require something interesting and useful. Something that can give them an edge, advantage, insight or even a pleasant surprise. Bargain Hunters: They are of two kinds: One who looks for free items on the Internet another who is seeking better deals higher discounts etc.Entertainment Seekers: They see the Web as an entertainment medium of vast breath and potential and want to explorer the medium before the mass gets there. Directed Buyers: They want to buy something – now. They are sure what they require and just log on to the Web to purchase the item. C RITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS IN INTERNET MARKETING Having observed the evolving paradigms of business in the Internet era, there are five critical success factors that the Internet Marketer has to keep in mind. Attracting the Right Customer Attracting the Right Customer is the first crucial step.Rising digital penetration would mean that the number of customer visiting particular sites would inevitably go up. While the number of eyeballs or page views has so far been conveniently used as a satisfactory measure by most web sites, it would be foolish to cater to the whole spectrum of digital visitors. Contest has to be very target specific. The digital company has to select its target segment by finding out which section of customer are the most profitable in terms of revenue 21 transactions and who are the customers who generate the maximum number of referrals.Here again it is important to note that the majority of online customers are not seeking the lowest price. Rather they are seeking convenience above everything else. The power of customer referrals has never been so enormous, since word of the mouse spreads faster than word of the mouth. E-Bay attracts more than half of its customers through referrals. Not only do referred customers cost less to acquire than those brought in by advertising or other marketing tools, they also cost less to support since they use their friends who referred them for advice rather than using the companies' own technical desk.Delivering Content Value Delivering Content Value to engage the user's interest is the critical importance in retaining customer participation. This is because content serves as a powerful differentiator. Content would include Product enhancements (Software patches for glitches), personalized interactions (through customized navigation paths as seen on the web sites of GM and Toyota) and Problem Resolution (updates of delivery schedules and e-mail responses). Integral to the concept of delivering proper content value is innovation. For e. g. www. campareindia. com Ensuring E-LoyaltyEnsuring E-Loyalty is vital to the success of any online venture. This is because acquiring customers on the Internet is enormously expensive and unless those customers stick round and make lots of repeat purchases over the years, profits will remain elusive. Contrary to the general view that Web customers are notoriously fickle, they in fact follow the old rules of customer loyalty. Web customers stick to sites that they trust and with time consolidate their purchases with one primary supplier to the extent that Purchasing from the supplier's site becomes part of their daily routine.The issue of trust is integral to the issues of privacy and security. Companies like Amazon. com which command amazing levels of consumer trust, have used a variety of encryption tools and simple ethical decisions like not accepting money for publishers for independent book reviews to maintain the trust of its customers. E-Learning to facilitate personalized interactions E-Learning to facilitate personalized interactions with customers has been the biggest contribution of the Web to the marketing strategists. Customers in traditional bricks-and-mortar stores leave no record of their behavior unless they buy something.In the digital marketplace, however technology has made the entire shopping experience a transparent process. For example, if the customer exits the web-site when the price screen appears, he is a price sensitive consumer. Such minute tracking of customer behavior has major implications for the world of advertising. The Internet may soon be used as a test bed for testing prototypes of marketing and advertising campaigns. By monitoring pages selected, click through, responses generated, and other indicators, the company would be able to discover which parts of a prospective campaign would work, thus reducing the risk of a potential flop.This would make it possible for the company to modify its pro duct offerings much earlier than usual in the product life cycle, Providing Digital value to the evolving consumer through his life cycle Providing Digital value to the evolving consumer through his life cycle has become possible because of customized interactions and emerging business models. These models have often disturbed the traditional status quo and created new rules of business. The sectors where new business models will emerge or have emerged are the music industry, the financial services industry, the travel industry, the relating segment and the publishing segment.Digital value is delivered to the consumer by promising him convenience, allowing the customer to feel his ownership of the Web experience, and giving the customer a sense of belonging that traverses the physical boundaries. BENEFITS OF INTERNET MARKETING The reason why Internet marketing has become so popular is because they provide three major &malts to potential buyers: 1. Convenience: Customers can order pr oducts 24 hours a day wherever they are. They don't have to sit in traffic, and a parking space, and walk through countless shops to find and examine goods. . Information: Customers can find reams of comparative information about companies, products, competitors, and prices without leaving their office or home. 3. Fewer hassles: Customers don't have to face salespeople or open themselves up to persuasion and emotional factors; they also don't have to wait in line. Internet marketing also provides a number of benefits to marketers 1. Quick adjustments to market conditions: Companies can quickly add products to their offering and change prices and descriptions. 2. Lower costs:On-line marketers avoid the expense of maintaining a store and the costs of rent, insurance, and utilities. They can produce digital catalogs for much less than the cost of printing and mailing paper catalogs. 1. Relationship building: On-line marketers can dialogue with consumers and learn from them. 2. Audience sizing Marketers can learn how many people visited their on-line site and how many stopped at particular places on the sites. This information can help improve offers and ads. Clearly, marketers are adding on-line channels to find, reach, communicate, and sell.Internet marketing has at least five great advantages. First, both small and large firms can afford it. Second, there is no real limit on advertising space, in contrast to print and broadcast media. Third, information access and retrieval are fast, compared to overnight main and even fax. Fourth, the site can be visited by anyone from any place in the world. Fifth, shopping can be done privately and swiftly ————————————————- Competitive advantage over traditional advertising ————————————————-One major bene fit of online advertising is the immediate publishing of information and ————————————————- content that is not limited by geography or time. To that end, the emerging area of ————————————————- interactive advertising   presents fresh challenges for advertisers who have hitherto ————————————————- adopted an interruptive strategy. ————————————————- Another benefit is the efficiency of the advertiser's investment.Online advertising allows —————————————â⠂¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- for the customization of advertisements, including content and posted websites. For ————————————————- example,  AdWords,  yahoo! Search marketing and Google  Adsense enable ads to be shown ————————————————- on relevant web pages or alongside search results. MARKET RESEARCH Title A study on the effectiveness of Internet Advertising and its scope. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF STUDY Advertisers are expected to spend Rs. 4,500 million in internet advertising in the year 2011 third only to TV and Print ads, which is :mound 5257% mote than that in the year 2004, compound percentage increase of 124% over the last 5 years. This is the new age of advertising. It is true that people have started realizing that internet can serve as a one stop point for all their needs. Be it communication, entertainment, shopping, information search, Internet serves as a panacea for all their requirements. This has led 70% of the ever users to glue themselves to the Internet and access it on a regular basis.This is an opportunity for advertisers to exploit this revolution. But, is it the end of traditional advertising? Is internet advertising effective and efficient compared to the traditional form Does it fulfill the basic objectives of advertising (create awareness, to generate sales, build positive image, etc†¦ ) The problem is that, volumes of consumers are online everyday for their personal work, but do they notice the ads, banners etc. displayed on that webpage, most important what is their recall/remembrance value. What about the reach of online advertising, is it effective across over all target groups?We have trusted traditional advertising all these years and it's a proven medium that fulfills all the objectives of advertising, can one have the same trust for online advertising†¦ RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research design This is a descriptive research as it will clarify the doubts about online marketing. It would give us a clear picture on the effectiveness and reliability of online advertising compared to the traditional form of advertising. Data collection Secondary data: Online reports related to marketing Primary data: Questionnaire RESULTS AND AND ANALYSIS The researchInternet marketing has become an integral part of today's life as Internet access is on all time high and this trend is expected to keep the same pace and will definitely expand the horizon of its reach. Objective of this research is to analyze the trend of internet usage in contrast of online marketing. Time spent On an average, a person spends more than 4 hours on the Internet during his free time. Hence, on an average the exposure of interne; to an individual is around 150% more than that of other mediums i. e. the reach of medium Intern et is much better than that of others.But one cannot infer anything about the effectiveness of the medium through exposure (reach) alone. One needs to calculate the impressions (actual number of times an individual sees the ad) of the medium also. Reach Reach refers to the total number of different people or households exposed, at least once, to a medium during a given period of time. Impressions This is a term used by media to describe and quantify the number of individuals who have an â€Å"opportunity† to see an AD in a given amount of time Scope Scope defines the level of Internet usage within a specified time period.This data gives us a strong platform to analyze and summarize the objective, pattern and usage of Internet. Research has been done through questionnaire. The questionnaire and its results is as follows: Questionnaire Name: Occupation: Course(if student): Age: Gender: Given below are some question based on E- marketing. Kindly fill the questionnaire. 1. Do you surf internet? (a) Very often (b) Often (c) Occasionally (d) Never 2. Do you ever give a look to the advertisements while surfing? (a) Very often (b) Often (c) Occasionally (d) Never 3.Does popping up of advertisements while surfing bother’s you? (a) Very often (b) Often (c) Occasionally (d) Never 4. Do you buy products online after seeing its advertisements? (a) Very often (b) Often (c) Occasionally (d) Never (5)Do you think e-marketing is: (a) effective (b) very effective (c) less effective (d) not effective (6)Do you feel e-marketing affect your buying decision? (a) Very often (b) Often (c) Sometimes (d) Never (7)How much should a company depend on online marketing? (a) 0% to 25% (b) 26% to 50% c) 51% to 75% (d) 76% to 100% (8) Rank the following types of marketing according to their effectiveness: (a) ads in newspaper/magazines (b) search engine marketing (c) business card (d) marketing on social networking sites (e) personal marketing (f) ads in television (g) e-mail ma rketing (h) banners/posters (i) sending newsletter (9) which type of product do u generally buy online? (a) electronics (b)clothing (c) books/magazines (d) other accessories 10) which type of services do u take online? (a) matrimony (b) movie tickets (c) travel tickets (d) hotel services Result 1. Do you surf internet? (a) Very often (b) Often (c) Occasionally (d) Never Out of 100% sample population, 62% of the people use internet very often, 22% use internet often, 14% use internet occasionally and 2% never use internet. Thus it is clear that 98% of the total urban population uses internet and 2% of the total population never uses internet. However growth of use of internet shows that 100% population will use internet in the coming years. . Do you ever give a look to the advertisements while surfing? (a) Very often (b) Often (c) Occasionally (d) Never Here out of 100% sample population, 12% people watches online advertisements very often, 22% often watches online advertisements, 36 % occasionally watches online advertisements and 30% of the population never watches online advertisements. This results shows that 70% of the sample population access advertisements links. 3. Does popping up of advertisements while surfing bother’s you? (a) Very often (b) Often (c) Occasionally (d) NeverOut of 100% of sample population, 27% people are bothered very often by advertisements while working on internet, 13% people are less often bothered by advertisements, 48% people are occasionally bothered by advertisements and 12% are never bothered. Botherness of people also depends upon nature of work and advertisements. If the work is important then botherness increases and vice versa. 4. Do you buy products online after seeing its advertisements? (a) Very often (b) Often (c) Occasionally (d) Never As we have seen 70% of the total sample population actually watches online advertisements.Now there are 52% people who never buys those products and 48% people who buys those pr oducts. Now out of those 48% only 12% of the populations buys products very often, 14% buys product less often and 22% people occasionally buys products after watching its advertisement. (5)Do you think e-marketing is: (a) effective (b) very effective (c) less effective (d) not effective It states that out of 100% sample population , 15% find e-marketing very effective, 40% find e-marketing effective, 30% find e-marketing less effective and 15% find e-marketing not at all effective. 6)Do you feel e-marketing affect your buying decision? (a) Very often (b) Often (c) Sometimes (d) Never Out of 100% sample population, 52% of the population thinks their buying decision very often depends upon advertisement. 22% of the population thinks their buying decision often depends upon advertisements. 14% of the population thinks their buying decisions occasionally changes due to advertisements and 12% of the population’s buying decision doesn’t depend upon advertisements. (7)How mu ch should a company depend on online marketing? (a) 0% to 25% (b) 26% to 50% (c) 51% to 75% (d) 76% to 100%Here, out of 100% sample population 48% of people thinks that a company should depend less than 25% on online marketing, 34% thinks a company should depend less than 50% and more than 25% on online marketing, 15% thinks that a company shouhd depend more than 15% and less than 75% on online marketing, and only 3% thinks that a company should depend more than 75%. (8) Rank the following types of marketing according to their effectiveness: (a) ads in newspaper/magazines. (b) search engine marketing. (c) business card. (d) marketing on social networking sites. (e) personal marketing. (f) ads in television. g) e-mail marketing. (h) banners/posters. (i) sending newsletter According to the research, types of marketing which are given rank according to their effectiveness are as follows: 1) Personal marketing 2) Ads in television 3) Ads in newspaper/magazines 4) Banners/posters 5) Busi ness card 6) Marketing on social networking sites 7) Email marketing 8) Search engine maketing 9) Sending newsletter (9) which type of product do u generally buy online? (a) electronics (b)clothing (c) books/magazines (d) other accessories Out of 100% sample population, 40% people buy electronics, 25% people buy lothing, 15% buy books/magazines and 20% people buy other items. (10) which type of services do u take online? (a) matrimony (b) movie tickets (c) travel tickets (d) hotel services Out of 100% sample population 5% of population takes matrimonial services, 45% takes movie tickets, 35% takes travel tickets and 15% takes hotel services. Conclusion On the basis of this research findings and analysis,we can conclude that the use of internet has increased and large urban population is using internet, therefore internet marketing shows upbeat trend for its future growth and large acceptance worldwide.Internet marketing is still at pioneer stage, large population prefer traditional purchasing due to the intangible feature of internet marketing and post purchase experience. The recommendations are needed to be implemented in order to acclaim major purchase and gain trust of the online population. Limitations Internet marketing is no doubt the future of advertising, and it will take over the world of marketing within a few short years. However, this does not mean that there are no limitations to what an internet marketing firm can accomplish.It is important for marketers and users to understand these problems, and to comprehend that they may damage the marketing campaign. One of the main problems which comes with running a marketing campaign over the Internet is that it limits the audience to just those individuals and users who have access to the World Wide Web. Although most people in the target audience would be able to use the Internet, the fact remains that some people are still not comfortable with its usage and this is where an internet marketing firm may face problems.In addition to this, one other major problem which stands in the way of a successful internet marketing campaign is that users are often reluctant to purchase or spend money on products online. They cannot test out the project or use it and make sure it works, and this puts the entire campaign under stress. It means losing customers and users to a problem which cannot be helped. References DigiMarketing – The essential guide to new media and digital marketing -kent wartime, Ian fenwick Principals of advertising and IMC * Tom dunkan http://en. wikipedia. org/ http://ieeexplore. ieee. org/

The effectiveness of fiscal policy between the Neo-Keynesian and the Essay

The effectiveness of fiscal policy between the Neo-Keynesian and the Monetarist framework - Essay Example Fiscal policies affect the demand and supply patterns in an economy, if the government imposes heavy taxes on various commodities the consequences are that prices will increase and demand will be low. If such a trend continues, supply will reduce and eventually the company will quit the market if not shift its concern to another line of production and this will result to retrenchment processes and low-income rates to the losers (workers). At the long run, the government will observe a lower G.D.P (gross domestic product) and reduced income per capita (Dwivedi 17). If a government engages in operations that will see it maintain expenditures at a desired level, it will have practiced fiscal policies. The practice is effective through adjustments in taxes, interest rates and the spending styles of the government itself (Musgrave, Frank, & Elia 80). Through the practices, the government either helps the final consumer, but whether this happens as anticipated is dependent on the shifts th at the government employs either to vary rates on increased or decreased edge. The policies show relevance to those of the monetarists. Neo Keynesian theory stipulates that the factors to a progressive economy revolve around demand. The factors are demand itself, produced output and the rate of employment. The theory argues that an economy enjoys stability when the factors are exercised but not to the maximum exploitation of its output. The rate of employment in a country increases income per capita. This stimulates demand since buyers are able to decide and make purchases promptly at their will. Increase in demand will lead to increase in price or supply accordingly. The simultaneous changes in demand and supply factors will result to inflation if the prices increase considerably (Satora and Richard 67). At this point, government intervention becomes a point, and therefore measures must put in place to create harmony among the factors, this is referred to as fiscal policies. In mos t cases, the government will borrow money from the economy by issuing premiums, it may also issue decrees to the lending facilities on a stab to minimize the amount of money in supply, and it may impose taxes and duties over the produce. The practices as well will reduce spending patterns leading to reduced production. Eventually jobs will be lost resulting to economic recession. Monetarists argue that whenever a country revamps money into the economy, chances are that growth is in the short-term, and the ultimate result will be the pressure of inflation. They state that a slight change in government policies will affect the market either positively or negatively and reflect at the short and long runs. It is during inflation that the entire consumer group will cut down on spending since prices are high. The country will face unemployment problem since suppliers will be quitting the markets. Entirely, the country will not pose an attracting site to the investors due to adverse curren cy fluctuations. Understanding that subsequent currency fluctuations will result to devaluation, the country finds itself in a rather bitter position as its currency will affect exportation of goods. Therefore, it will have set an economic sanction to itself

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STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF TUALATIN CITY FROM A HUMAN RESOURCE PERSPECTIVE - Essay Example Strategic Plan of an organisation is a vital player in the success of an organisation if it is devised properly. The lack of clarity is the main reason why organisations fail to achieve their goals and objectives, regardless, of a strong strategic plan. It is a must, therefore, to analyse and ascertain all the factors of the strategic plan in detail, so that it may not have any vagueness. Most strategic management plans of organisations fail to provide the Human Resource perspective. Organisations considering their future plans and needs must analyse their strategic plans from HR view. Although, this analysis may not be an exact reflection of organisation’s future, however, it would certainly provide Management with certain feedback that can help them form pathways for the achievement of their strategic goals. Tualatin City is a part of Washington County that comes under the jurisdiction of Oregon State, in the United States of America. The city covers a total area of 20.2 sq. km with population amounting to 26000 citizens. The reason for its fame is the fact that tourists often pay a visit because of Bridgeport Village which is an upscale European-Style shopping area. The city is also famous for Tualatin River that flows in the northern part and a wide array of green belts and recreation parks ("Tualatin oregon," 2012). The City Council of Tualatin City has devised a Strategic Management Plan for a medium term period which they termed as ‘Vision 2018’, with the primary objective of making the city a better living place for the residents and visitors. In subsequent discussion, we will have a look at the key strategic goals of the organisation followed by HR implications that would affect the successful achievement of these goals setup by the City Council of Tualatin City (City Council, 2012). Key Strategic Directions & Priorities: The key strategic priorities of City Council of Tualatin City for a period of next five years are: To provide better transportation facilities to the residents as well as the visitors. Reduce congestions and provide a separate track to bike and cycle riders. Also, expand the mass transit system and build new roads and bridges. Preserve and develop city’s natural and unique resources. This will include meeting all the stakeholders of the Tualatin River an d building/updating banks and creeks over the rivers. It also includes preserving green belts and recreation parks present in the city. To ensure that residents are living safely and peacefully, within the boundaries of Tualatin City. This will include devising a community feedback mechanism, evaluation of safer routes to hospitals, schools and financial institutions and, introducing newer reforms in the police department. Continue with the current architectural plans of the city and updating them when required. Increasing recreational activities by providing sailing, boating and swimming activities across the river and increasing public art and plantation in the city. Increasing the economic viability of the city and look to provide a solid revenue plan for the city. This will be achieved by increasing policies pertaining to land and taxation. Also, a new marketing plan for the city needs to be devised which would attract outsiders and investors. Urban Renewal Plan for the South-We stern part of the city needs to

Properties of Gases Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Properties of Gases - Lab Report Example When the water in the pipette bulb had been completely displaced by hydrogen, the pipette was removed in an inverted position, and a thumb was placed over its opening to keep any gaseous content from escaping. A match was lit, and a small portion of the pipette content was squeezed into the flame from a distance of about 1 cm. Observations were made, and the results were recorded. The wide-neck pipette bulb was marked with a marker pen on the outside into three equal parts. The marked pipette bulb was filled with water, inverted and was set onto the gas generation tube. When about two thirds of the bulb was occupied with the produced gas, the bulb was removed while in an inverted position. The pipette bulb was set with its mouth facing down into one of the wells of the 24-well plate for later use. The test tube was disassembled and was rinsed well with water. Preparation and test for oxygen gas Few pieces of Manganese metal were placed into a second test tube. Enough of 3% Hydrogen p eroxide was added to fill the test tube almost to the top. A rubber stopper with plastic gas delivery tube through its center was inserted into the test tube, and the test tube was placed into a well of the 24-well plate. The test tube was wedged into a straight position by use of a paper tissue. The reaction was observed, and the observation was recorded. A comparison was made between the reaction in the first part of the experiment and the reaction in the second part of the experiment. Another wide-neck pipette bulb was completely filled with water. The pipette was inverted and was placed on the delivery tube of the test tube. When the water had been completely displaced by the produced gas in the collection pipette,... The paper describes the procedure of preparation and test for such gases: Hydrogen, Oxygen, carbon Dioxide, Mixture of hydrogen and oxygen. Properties of gases were used to identify various gases. Hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas, and oxygen gas were prepared, and their properties were investigated in this experiment. The reaction of zinc metal and dilute hydrochloric acid produced hydrogen gas which was collected by the upward delivery method, over the surface of water. Hydrogen gas produced a ‘pop’ sound when it was burned in air. Hydrogen peroxide liquid decomposed into oxygen gas and water in the presence of manganese dioxide. Oxygen gas was collected by the downward displacement of water method, over the surface of water. Gas generator test tubes were filled with chemicals almost to the top to ensure that the generated gases were not mixed with air. The ability to relight a glowing splint was the major chemical property of oxygen that was used in its identification . The mixture of hydrogen and oxygen was found to burn explosively with the formation of water vapor. The reaction between sodium bicarbonate and white vinegar produced carbon dioxide gas and water. The gas was collected by down ward delivery method because it was heavier than air. Carbon dioxide gas formed a white suspension with limewater due to the formation of insoluble calcium carbonate. Carbon dioxide gas also extinguished a burning wooden toothpick which was evident that it does not support combustion. Carbon dioxide gas also turned the green Bromothymol blue into a yellow color.

Analytical Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analytical Research Paper - Essay Example This paper discusses the macroeconomic issue of the Eurozone recession which adversely affected the countries of Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain (so-called PIIGS) due to fiscal issues. Discussion Economics is a Greek term which literally means the administration or management of a household. It is a social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of the various goods and services within a country and also among nations. It came about due to the Industrial Revolution that produced the new economic system of capitalism which replaced old order of feudalism (Sherman, 2006, p. 67). In this new system, wealth (profits) is now created out of invested capital in entrepreneurial ventures as opposed to wealth that was generated by the ownership of vast lands under feudalism. Economics is generally divided into its two main components; microeconomics is the study of the basic elements in an economy while the other is macroeconomics, which concerns larger is sues of an entire economy such as growth, inflation, unemployment, monopolies, oligopolies, recession, depression, and fiscal and monetary policies. Economists broadly define a recession as two (2) successive quarters of economic decline based on the real gross domestic product or GDP of the country. Recession is a problem on a macroeconomic scale because it affects general employment in two ways: those who work lose their jobs while those seeking work cannot find meaningful employment, which in turn will cause a deterioration in the overall standard of living of the citizenry. Businesses lay off people as there is excess production capacity resulting from a weak or non-existent demand. Economic growth is stalled or stunted which makes business reluctant to hire new or additional people. The unemployment results in reduced income taxes while putting pressure on government social services as revenues evaporate, making the balancing of national budgets very difficult to do. It will re sult in a fiscal deficit, like the dreaded â€Å"fiscal cliff† in America (a $600 billion shortfall). The significance of this problem is it can result into social chaos and political instability as people and governments scramble to find ways to re-start economic growth but the options are often limited in such a dire situation. If the government tries to reduce expenditures because of a decline in tax revenues (both from individual and business taxes) such as laying off government workers, cutting on social services like education, health care, infrastructure projects and others, people will complain and go out in the streets to demonstrate against austerity measures, which in turn will cause a political crisis that will destabilize a country and cause further problems. The United States of America uses other economic indicators besides unemployment and a rise in excess capacity, such as industrial activity, real incomes, wholesale prices and retail consumer sales. The Nati onal Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) of the United States uses overall business activities as an indicator, the time when business reaches its peak and starts to decline, as the beginning of a recession

What is Finance and what is the benefit of choosing Finance as major Essay

What is Finance and what is the benefit of choosing Finance as major - Essay Example ognizant of the fact that with a working or professional knowledge in finance, I could not only manage my personal finances effectively but i could also use the skills in any other field that I decided to enter later in life. Finance involves the administration of financial affairs, as well as the overall control of fiscal institutions and investments; they also handle risk management as well as sourcing for funding and funds for capital markets. They also select and evaluate investment projects which require coordination of funds, and making cost benefit analysis for the parties supplying and investing capital. An understanding of financial concepts and practices along with knowledge of the instruments and participants in the financial markets is vital to sound financial decision making (Shang and Peter 280). As finance major, I am involved in the study of financial institutions and the analysis of the management practices of commercial banks, loans, credit and saving association insurance firms, pension funds, and any other institution that plays a direct role in the financial sector. In the modern financial market place, there is a great deal of competition and this requires numerous financial strateg ies and which means that my skills can be used in a variety of settings. One of the fields in which my course qualifies me to work is investment, it involves the analysis and selection of various securities emphasizing on stocks and bonds. As a finance graduate, I will be expected to analyze the roles of these instruments and how they affect differing financial institutions’ portfolios. This takes to account the fact that financial markets are representative of the market environment sin which financial institutions and investors will create financial assets or liabilities, in one learns to examine and analyze the nature of these instruments as well as the various market innovations and structural changes. When one majors in finance, they needs must have

Information Sharing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Information Sharing - Essay Example As such, it is critical to create a suitable platform for information sharing from people outside the agency, within the agency and among various federal agencies. Federal Government ought to invest in more institutions involved in the capture and sharing of criminal information across the globe. Currently, the US government has invested heavily in such institutions (Jackson, 2009). Such institutions include National Crime Information Center, Regional Information Sharing Systems and the FBI’s Criminal Justice Information Service that works together with over 18000 such organizations among others. Sharing of criminal information among citizens is a delicate issue, and some individuals fear to provide such useful information, basing their argument on the need to safeguard their welfare. Reports of various retribution acts from criminal gangs evidently justify their concern. As such, concerned federal agencies ought to ensure these security and anonymity of such individuals, in their efforts to motivate them to share their information (Jackson, 2009). The rewarding of information providers should also be secretive. Creating awareness on the need to share criminal information and other critical information among communities is also significant in combating numerous atrocious crimes currently experienced. This may be through organizing awareness seminars and advertisement through diverse media forms. Online provision of useful information by individuals should also be rewarded. Such rewards should be remote and confidential. Establishment of local information centers throughout v arious societal settings will significantly boost information sharing (Jackson, 2009). Proper implementation of technology within an agency and across agency will significantly aid in law enforcement and information sharing (Jackson, 2009).

Creation Of Pakistan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Creation Of Pakistan - Essay Example On June 23, 1947, the partition of the subcontinent was announced by the British. It was then that the foundation of a new Islamic state named Pakistan was laid. This was considered to be a practical initiation of the creation of a brand new nation, whose values were laid on strong norms and beliefs. Pakistan’s Independence Day is celebrated on August 14 every year. This day is actually considered to be the celebration of the announcement of a country coming into being. The creation of Pakistan was not merely an idea. It, however, came into being when the first Muslim stepped on this piece of land. The independence day of Pakistan is celebrated on a grand scale by its citizens. The whole nation on this particular day shares the spirit of brotherhood, unity, serenity, comradeship and global peace. People must understand that the creation of Pakistan was not lesser than a miracle. It was the creation of the land where religions like Hinduism and Buddhism were rooted for thousand s of years. People didn’t even imagine that it is possible to conquer such a piece of land for the purpose of implementing the principles and teachings of Islam. It was in the 18th century when the people of the Arab countries including the Muslims were contributing their parts to flourish trade between different countries. It was then that the detention of a Muslim lady had been reported to Hajjaj Bin Youssef who was a great Muslim leader. He then sent a nuke youngster almost 17 years old named Muhammad Bin Qasim to invade the land and acclimatize the detained Muslim lady. Muhammad Bin Qasim the great Islamic warrior invaded and defeated Raju Dahir with a limited army and captured the Port of Debal which is now known as Karachi. It was then that the Muslim scholars began to arrive at the subcontinent. This can be considered as a great breakthrough towards the creation of a separate homeland for Muslims.

Watch vedio, answer the question Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Watch vedio, answer the question - Coursework Example Analyzing Friedman’s idea, one can provide one serious objection to it. In particular, given that the activity of the corporations has a direct impact on the lives of many people, they should be seen as agents of moral responsibility. 2. The Yes Men justifiably blamed Dow for not doing the right thing in Bhopal. The Corporation did not provide all the necessary treatment for the victims and did not compensate for all the losses they have suffered. In this regard, government agencies should monitor the work of corporations and individuals acting as moral agents. Despite the fact that various economists including Milton Friedman expressed the conviction that the market economy should be free from government influence and control, this theory has every reason to be considered incorrect. There should be a main controller since it allows maintaining the moral responsibility in society. 3. Yes, indeed, one can state that Dow values some lives - those of asbestos claimants in Texas more highly than others - Bhopalis, for example. Many recognize that the Bhopal tragedy was terrible. Nevertheless, despite the large number of victims, they claim that no production company can guarantee the absence of risk. Thus, the emphasis is not on the need to reduce the risk of tragedy, but on the fact that the risk in countries like India should be seen as quite a common phenomenon. 4. Indeed, Andy’s fraud was perceived negatively by the BBC reporter. This is largely due to the fact that his speech was considered a manifestation of cruelty against the people of Bhopal. Many of them became the victims of the terrible accident a few decades ago; they did not get a decent compensation for their losses and suffering. It took them many years to put up with this tragedy. It does not seem that the reporter protected the Corporation as he primarily focused on the fact that Andy gave people illusory hope and thus he made these people remember the horror of

Qualities of a nurse with a BSN as a Mentor Essay Example for Free

Qualities of a nurse with a BSN as a Mentor Essay Qualities of a nurse with a BSN as a Mentor The nurse I chose as a mentor has wonderful qualities that I hope to have after I also obtain a BSN. She shows great communication between nurses, doctors, and families. She is able to explain any situation in a professional manor. Her confidence is shown through her professionalism, for example, when she addresses information of medication and disease process to a family, she explains thoroughly, which builds trust with the family, shows her confidence and accountability, and she takes the time shows care. I know that being a nurse is a stressful job but nurses are able to find emotional stability and this nurse does just that by finding the balance of being happy in one room of a patient who was just extubated and doing well, then she will go to her next patient who isn’t doing as well and have empathy for the family, she says the right things, keeps her own emotions stable and nonjudgmental, and changes her whole thought process room to room. She pays attention to detail by noticing the wrong medication dose before giving to a patient. She has great problem-solving skills by helping residents and doctors come up with solutions in critical situations, she has quick responses with traumas. For example, she noticed something not right with her patient after a certain IV medication was given. She shows respect to all medical staff and families by staying professional, culture sensitive, and always shows a positive attitude. I have observed nurses with ADN and nurses with BSN’s, and I have noticed that BSN nurse show more professionalism in the hospital setting. She believes that nursing is a commitment of service and the desire to help those in need. It is more than treating an illness, she is focused on delivering quality patient care to each patient. Her philosophy of nursing combines the knowledge of medicine with compassion and respect. She has leadership skills that were learned through her education, patients are her number one priority, collaborates with the healthcare team, gives support, sensitive to patient’s needs, and shows praises to other colleagues. She works for the best interest for the patient, such as when she does not agree with an order written for a patient she will question the order and take action when needed. She also shows her leadership skills through forming  leadership meetings on ways to improve employee and patient satisfaction for our unit. She strives to improve areas on our unit that lack strength and finds solutions to make it better. Her attributes are what I am striving for my life long goals as I become a nurse with a BSN. The qualities that I have observed and the influence instilled through this nurse added with the education South University will be teaching me, will help me succeed as a professional nurse with a BSN. Not only will this add to my personal philosophy but also my own personal experiences as a current nurse and my willingness to continually learn, listen, accept advice, respect others beliefs, and work with others in any environment given (adaptability). I look forward to advancing my skill and succeeding as a professional nurse and continuing my education. Chitty, Black, K. (2007). Professional Nursing: Concepts Challenges (5th ed). W.B. Saunders Company.

The Common Causes Of Business Failure Business Essay

The Common Causes Of Business Failure Business Essay Lack of Industry Experience and Knowledge, Insufficient Start-up Money, Failure to Understand Market and Customers, Poor Employee Management Skills, Wrong Location, Improper Pricing of Product or Service, Failure to Understand and React to Competition, Incorrect Cash-Flow Estimates (Poor Budgeting), Insufficient Time Devoted to Business, Mismanagement of Assets,(Cash ,Inventory, Receivables, Fixed Assets) Prepare Sales Tax Make Quarterly Payments, Estimate Income Tax, Make Payments, Analyze Doubtful Accounts Receivables, Review Detailed Inventory Schedule, Analyze Prepaid Expenses, Review Schedule of Property and Equipment, Review Accounts Payable/Accrued Expenses, Review Schedule of Insurance Policies. Reconcile to PL, analyze Inventory Write-downs, Analyze Other Assets and Other Liabilities, Analyze Current/Long-Term Debt, Prepare IRS Forms W-2 (employee) and Forms 1099 (consultant), Close Financial Books for the Year, Draft Financial Reports (if needed), Draft Tax Returns If they have no ideas of these items there was maximum chance of business failure and need to minimize the business and go ahead to success. Fredland and Morris (1976) says when a owner start a business he/she/company accept the three kinds of risk. which resolve the success to the business. firstly. risk related with the economy in which business is located. it referred to economy based risk. Secondly, risk related with the industry in which that business is operating. It referred to industry based. Thirdly, risk related with the business itself which is unique. I t refereed to firm based risk. According to (Dun and Bardstreet 1997), said that most of the business are failure because they cannot survey about their business and their employees. Only 20 employees have 37% chance to surveying four years. 9% chance of surveying 10 years and these failed business 10%of them closed involuntarily due to bankruptcy and 90% closed because the business was not successful. Other thing is owner didnt pay how much the employee wants or desired as for their effort. In US over 43000 business failed on 1997 thats total liabilities nearly $20 billion.90% business failure in the US are caused by a lack of general business management skills and planning. According to Dun Bradstreet statistics7, 88.7% of all business failures are due to management mistakes. The following list summarize the 12 leading management mistakes that lead to business failures. 1) Going into business for the wrong reasons 2) Advice from family an friends 3) Being in the wrong place that the wrong time 4) Entrepreneur gets worn-out and/or underestimated the time requirements 5) Family pressure on time and money commitments 6) Pride 7) Lack of market awareness 8) The entrepreneur falls in love with the product/business 9) Lack of financial responsibility and awareness 10) Lack of a clear focus 11) Too much money 12) Optimistic/Realistic/Pessimistic It should be understood that no magic solutions will guarantee a business success. However, the following items should assist in the improvement of chances for success. 1) Development of a business plan 2) Obtaining accurate financial information about the business in a timely manner 3) Profile of target 4) Profile of competition 5) Go into business for the right reasons 6) Dont borrow family money and dont ask the family for advice 7) Network with other business owners in similar industries 8) Dont forget, someone will always have a lower price than you 9) Realize that consumer tastes and preference change 10) Become better informed of the resources that are available 1.2.2 some causes of business failure in the market 1. Lack of clear links between the objectives and the organisations key strategic priorities, including agreed measures of success. 2. Lack of clear senior management and other level. 3. Lack of effective engagement with stakeholders. 4. Lack of skills and established approach to project management and risk management. 5. Too little attention to breaking development and implementation into manageable steps. 6. Evaluation of proposals driven by initial price rather than long-term value for money (especially securing delivery of business benefits). 7. Lack of understanding and contact with the supply industry at senior levels in the organisation. 8. Lack of effective organization team integration between clients, the supplier team and the supply chain. 1.2.3 Small Business Success story One of the success busine.ss story of Oscar Neal Asbury who is the founder and president of Greenfield World Trade. He involved in exporting of high quality US product since 1979.he gives the service for the food and equipment over 130 countries to both retail and commercial market. Now a days Asbury is the US economy stragglers he expanding his products. He is a success business man at getting loan during the national credit crunch and witness to the financial strength of his company as well as the strategic importance of being an exporter to over 130 countries. He won the prestigious award 2008 small business week National Exporter Year award and E-Star Export and the Export Achievement award from the US Department of commerce. In 1981 he went to Asia for represented several US manufactures throughout the region and In 1987 he found Asbury worldwide which became the largest American Export management company in its segment with 12 distribution facilities around the world. He starts FAB Asia, Inc. In the Philippines which was the exclusive Asian fabricators of commercial kitchens for McDonalds as well as other well known American restaurants and chains. In 1999 Mr. Asbury established his current company, Greenfield World trade ,.Inc. He published over 50articals on global trade issues, a column for to The Point News and International Trade Blog for asburysworld.com . Mr. Asbury is also an advocate, leader in this field and also the US secretary of commerce, he serves as the chairman of the South Florida district Export Council and is a founding faculty member of Export University. He is also the member of the international policy committee at the US chamber of commerce in Washington DC. This is the successful business story of Asbury in the small business organization who gives his effort for the organization. At that time he used various types of ideas and business strategy with their business competitors. when the business start it need to faced many kinds of internal and external problems. For the success business organization reduce or solving problem which effect the organization . The modern business is very complex. Due to scientific and technological development, changes are taking place very fast in every business field. Following are the basic personal skills or qualities which a good businessman must possess: 1. Ability to Plan :A businessman, if he wants to shine in business, must have the ability to plan and organize it. 2. Activator He had to activate his workers. If he activates his workers then this is good for business. 3. Bold or Courage :Courage is a great asset of a businessman. A good businessman should be a courageous and bold person. May be his some angry decisions gave him loss in future, so he has to be courageous and be bold. 4. Cooperation :A good businessman should have to cooperate with his workers. With the help of cooperation with his workers he can run his business well. 5. Courtesy: Courtesy is to business what oil is to machinery. It costs nothing but wins a reputation. So businessman has to win the heart of everyone with his polite manners. 6. Decision Making: A good businessman should be a good and quick decision maker. Quick decision of a businessman is an important asset of businessman. And businessman has to know that his quick decision will give him benefit or not. 7. Discipline: A good businessman should have to care about the discipline of the business. If he doesnt care about the discipline then nobody (who concern to his business) obeys the discipline and business cant go well. 8. Evaluator: A businessman has to check himself that how he is working. This thing can make the business good in progress. 9. Foresight: A good businessman must have the quality of foresight. He must keep in touch with the business world. He should move about and see what is going on for he has to estimate new wants and new inventions for creating fresh demands. 10. Honesty: A businessman should be honest in dealing with others. Honesty of a businessman helps him in his business. 11. Hardworking: A businessman must be hard working. Without have working no business can be successful. If the owner is not hard working then other workers of the business cant be hardworking. 12. Initiation: The business world is moving at a very fast speed. A businessman should have the ability to take initiative by producing new things and new methods of marketing the products and services. 13. Knowledge: A good businessman should have knowledge of his business. It should be supplemented by the knowledge of trade, finance, marketing, income tax, etc. 14. Leadership: Leaders are not made, they are born; but the businessman has to get some qualities of a leader. With the help of leadership a businessman can control his business and workers. 15. Negotiator: If a businessman is a good negotiator, then he can run his business well, because without good communication he cant impress his consumer. 16. Personality: A businessman should have a graceful personality because it can impress his customers. If his personality is not good or not graceful then his business cant go well. 1.3 Significance of study Why is the business planning is important and why it will be done in concert with a strategy? What benefits will occur by this study? For the success of any organization, planning should be the most important to achieve the goal. Without the planning organization never achieve the target of goal and objectives of organization by view of macro perspective business is done in a global market. Because of the growing new technology and the Internet. Time and distance continue to become less and less relevant. In a view of micro, the level of any individual company or organization strategic planning provides a company purpose and direction. It is importance to owners of organization and high level managers who make plans and policies to achieving goals. The main benefit of this planning is make no mistake in business running when the planning is making 1st find out the weakness of organization and try to removed this weakness which get the success and the goal of organization. 1.4 Research Questions and/or Hypotheses and/or Null Hypotheses The objectives of any good business research should be how to better promote the business in an economically sound manner and to increase the businesses net profit, exposure, and ensure its continuity. Another characteristic of good business research is judging local problems of the environment in which establishment is going to operate. If the business is manufacturing a specific product, look at the market size and options on how to produce the product. characteristic of good business research objectives is flexibility . To identify about the policies and strategy of other competitors of the market. what they are doing? 1.5 Analytical Procedure: Analytical procedure helps to find out the target objectives. It refers to the procedure of using the analytical statistical tools and data. There are not any specific tools that can be used to find out the desired outcome. For the study it will be used the SWOT analysis System has been used. A brief description of the SWOT 1.5.1 Internal analysis of the organization The SWOT analyse is made by observing and describing ( it is a qualitative analyse ) the characteristics of our business and of the market where it is found. The SWOT analysis allows to detect the strength of our company and the threats of the environment. S -Strength : describes the resources and the skills that our company has acquired. What is the difference from the company? What can we improve ? W -Weakness : describes the factors in which we have unfavourable position with regard to the competence. In order to make the internal analysis. In order to make the internal analysis , has to be considered the analysis of resources, of activities and risks. External analysis of the organization O -Opportunities : they describe the possible markets, business niches that can be seen by everyone, but if they are not recognized on time that would mean the loss of the competitive advantage. T -Threats : The describe the factors that cab put in danger the survival of the organization , if they are recognised on time they can dodge or they can become opportunities. In order to make the internal analysis we have to take into account the analysis of the environment, of the interested groups, the legislation, and the demographic and political aspects. Once we have described the threats, the opportunities, the strengths and the weakness of the company, we can construct the SWOT matrix. Matrix let us visualise and summarised the present situation of the company. Chapter-2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION The main objectives of this chapter is to review the previous and existing literature which is close to the research topic and objectives. In this chapter we get the clear vision about the business organization and the short description about the strategies planning ,policies, knowledge management, business environment, causes ,process and the symptoms of the business failure and how to alignment . The research will be predictably analysis under different views which relevant different methods of business prediction. This study business failure helps to sustain long term run in market, save form competitors and how to manage the internal and external environmental problems of business organization for the success of business organization. 2.2 Overview of business organization According to recent statistics from the UKsMinistry of Justice, almost 12,000 companies filed for insolvency in 2007 in England and Wales.This number is forecast to increase significantly (to around 13,500 companies) in 2008 (Financial Times, 2 January 2008) as the financial crisis hits businesses in the wider economy. Smaller companies are likely to suffer most because of a slowing economy and the increasing costs of borrowing in a deteriorating business environment. Business organization refers to that economic activity which is conduct on regular basis to earning profit motive through the production and sale of goods and service. In other word business means to remain busy in any activity like buying and selling production or distribution goods or service. Shrestha k.N.( 2010 pp.4-5) says that business organization which are formed for earning profit. they are mainly concerned with producing goods and service of value to the society .companies ,partnership, sole trading and joint stock are organised along this lines with a profit motive to survive against competition , future expansion and development. Taylor , F.W. (1856-19150 ) says a business organization usually in the manufacturing field, which provides students with education and training to degree standard.(David A.staat business management.1991,1999,2004 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor and Francis group.) Much of todays economic and business thinking is based on the ideas of the scientific movements towards the end of the nineteenth century one of the main underlying assumptions was that the economy and the business environment form a closed system in a state of dynamic equilibrium. By Beinhocker, (1997) . Ansoffs (1993) states the model of environmental turbulence which shows the extreme case of discontinuous unpredictably changing environment. The main objective of purposed organizations lack of complete information or different organization interpret the same information in different way? And business is the lifeblood of capitalist society. At once time or another we have all consider going into business. Everyday millions of people in the US buy goods from business one pay tax. Which invest on another business. The tax generated by these business help support a government infrastructure that is unrivalled in the modern world by Bevans(1961) 2.3 Business Strategy Mc. kiernan (1997) identified four strands to strategy theory and the knowledge based approach to strategy is sometimes subsumed into core competence or resource based strategy. We believed, however that knowledge -based strategy has its own distinctive characteristic at the same time as providing a fundamental underpinning for all the other theories of strategic Management . strategic learning is concerned with the process by which leaders, managers and organization learn about themselves. Their business and environment. Strategic learning is vital to development of the strategic knowledge upon which superior performance is based by Nokaka(1991)and other authors Chandler (1962) state that the strategy is determination of the basic long term and objectives of an enterprise and the adoption of course of action and all the allocation of resources necessary for carrying out of these goal .Porter (1996) state that positioning-once the heart of strategy is rejected as too static for today s dynamic market and changing technological. 2.3.1 Strategy Formation According to Teeca. et al (1995) says that the fundamental questions in the field of strategic management is how firm achieve and sustain competitive advantage. By the development a dynamic capabilities approach, the four questions helps define the field of strategic management its boundaries as they exist today, it concerns and how it can makes contribution to the practice of management the questions are: How the firm behave? Why are firms different? What is the function of or value added by the headquarters unit in a multi -business firm? What determines the success or failure of the firm in international or national competition? 2.3.2 Business Environment The business firm is a micro-economic- unit which firm operates. Bye environment the reference is the set of external factor on forces which operation of the business firm. The business firm individually doesnt have much influence on the environment. Types of business Environment Economic Environmental business Non Economic Environmental business Economic Environmental business Economic Environmental business activities involve transformation of inputs into outputs , supply of these market place and exchange of the products with the buyer for money, Business organization while performing these economic activities are constrained by the availability of resource ,land ,labour, capital raw materials and finance. Which related internal factors of business environment by Pailwar (2010) and another author states about non economical environmental business or External Environment. Reddy (2004) states that the environment is so complex and dynamic that it is difficult to describe and analysis because it is the external factor which automatically effect to the organization from outside the business organization such as: Political environment Social environment Demographic environment Technological environment Natural environment and Historical environment Organization ; Changing organizational characteristic Organization success when they operate in states of stability and harmony to adopt intentionally to the environment. Lowendahl (2005) concludes the the increasing complexity is transforming the field of strategic management form a search for general solution to an understanding and acceptance that different solution can working equally well. In post modern situation the nation of garnd (formal) theory model or frame work that applies to all organizations in a population collapses, as the characteristics of the organization by definition will be local, unique and temporary. 2.4 Knowledge management: This is the idea for how knowledge is manage like including knowledge management strategy and implementation by the definition of Webester (1992) Relationship management and marketing reflect these changing in management and strategy. These definitions embrace a verity of partners, not just customer and the term relationship can mean a variety of things depending on how it applied. It can be taken to mean only type of cooperation, form a conceive supply relationship to strategies evidence. And another author Donaldson (1998)said the managing various relationship types may place emphasis on managerial style and associated organizational culture. And organization using implementation methods in dealing with one supplier might find it a challenge to change to relationship approach. : identifying customer needs and requirements :anticipating future trends and monitoring environmental forces : satisfying customers existing and future requirements through managing the product or service packing, optimising value for money pricing and maximizing availability and delivery while promoting and selling benefits in the most effective way. :profit, ensuring that the company will be able to provide this process in the future. 2.4.1 Causes, Process and Remedies The failure process of the firm can be compared with the evolution of a disease in a human beings. In the same way failure itself is comparable to death. The causes of failure are often associated with management adequacy. These causes lead to occurrence of symptoms which are observable from the deterioration of financial ration. From the statement given by Luoma and Laitinen (1991) we can infer that a) failure is not a sudden even, it takes some time (evolution of the disease) for a company to become bankruptcy b) financial ratios are only symptoms of failure and c) failure process is triggered off by something causes. Unfortunately , very few authors Altman(1971) Vernimmen(1978) Dambolena and Knoury (1980) Koenig (1985) or Markidakis (1991) are really interested in bankruptcy. Even if the list of causes may be different across studies, we can distinguish two main causes of failure. Endogenous and exogenous factors. The main causes within organization is managerial incompetence this is the case in France and Belgium but also in US where 90% of bankruptcy can be impute to this factor Dambolena and Khoury (1980) add that bad management appears through lack of responsibilities to change in technology. Insufficient consideration for cost factor poor knowledge of financial matters. What exogenous factors concern, Altman (1971) mentions that the change in the nations failure rate is negatively associated with the change in overall economic activities Guilhot (2000) mention that there is a systematic correlation between failure and economic crises stock market performance, and supply condition. Thats why author Altman (1971) include in their macroeconomic factor. The influence of macroeconomic factor on bankruptcy seems particularly important. The numbers of bankruptcy in 2000is decreasing in Belgium to the relatively good and stable economic situation. But Vernimmen (1997) state again that the failure of one firms customer was the main causes of firms bankruptcy in France. This statement introduced bankruptcy prediction is very important topic because failure of a particular company could have unfortunate impact on ither entities. 2.4.2 The symptoms of Failure We already point out that the most of the authors rely on symptoms of the diseased in order to predict failure or bankruptcy. These symptoms can be qualitative or quantitative.(financial ratios) variables. Altman (1968) states that the excluding applications on too typical sector like banking or insurance. Where more and more ratios were used. Its strictly impossible to give here all ratios. We noticed that the most frequently used financial ratios are CA/CL, WC/TA, EBIT/TA and NI/TA. It was necessary to included non-financial and more qualitative information in the model Altman and Loris (1976) and Vernimmen (1978) Dimitras et. Al (1995) Greco et al. (1998) really including as qualitative information bankruptcy predication model. In this section they analysis as qualitative information managers works experiences. Firms market niche-position special competitive advantage of firm or market flexibility. Cormier et al.(1994) include other qualitative indicators like investment in a new sector, change in the depreciation method or change in ownership. Few authors Abdel-Khalik and El-Sheshi (1980) used trend data in the form of the average change over several years in different ratio. It seems that trends variable have a greater ability to draw out information from balance sheet data and more able to deficit creating accounting. Mader (1975) Mensah (1984) Khalos(1985) or Taffer(1985) proved the contrary. The size of the firm seems also have an impact on the financial disease of the firm of the firm. Bryant (1971) and Laitinen (1992) or Jo and Han (1997) shows the incorporate the size represented, like total assets , sales and the numbers of employees. 2.5 Strategic Alignment HR and Business leader must think of strategy and its role in the border HR. Programmes and practice in a holistic way answering these questions as they determine the policies and practice that will be their basis of their business culture. What do we do? How should we do it? What all skills do we need to be successful? What skills do we need survive for future? It means the link between all of the activities that are conduct as part of human resources management and the human resources policy. This links explain the direct application of every single human resource policy, practice and programme support the business. Brocke and Rosemann (2010) conclude that the business process management requires an alignment with the organizational strategy. Only such tight alignment ensure relevance business process management and a valuable contribution to the corporate long term priorities. Alignment doesnt have to be a unidirectional in the typical sense that a BPM strategys oriented towards the corporate strategy. Source: Handbook on process management by J. Vom Brocke and M. Rosemaan (2010) Delivering Business strategy through process management It should be recognized that two phases will naturally build off one another in a never ending cycle from year to year. It formulates enhanced by and planned capabilities from the previous round. CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH- METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction This chapter deals with the research design, justification for the selected study unit, nature and source of data, data collection method, data processing and SWOT analysis The word methodology is defined as a system which comprises the principles, practices and procedures which are applied to a specific branch of knowledge. Methodology refers to the way in which information is found or the way something is done. Methodology includes the methods, techniques and procedures which are used to collect and analyse information. 3.2 Research Design A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure. It is the plan structure and strategy on investigations conceived for obtaining answers to research questions and to control variances. To achieve the objective of this study, descriptive and analytical research designs have been used. To evaluate operating performance and the present condition of market, the SWOT analysis is taken as a secondary data analysis tool for this study. 3.3 Source of Data This study is conducted primarily on the basis of secondary data. The data relating to the theoretical based on the business organizations such as impact of internal and external business environment which effect directly to organization . In this cases, the primary data is not taken for the accuracy of analysis. Because it is not possible and also difficult to collect primary data. Supplementary data and information are collected from existing research, journals, news, books and websites. 3.4 Appropriate Research Method For this subject we can choose any method like the Description, explanation, qualitative and quantitative is the methods to collection and analysis of data. 3.4.1 Description Method : to describe a behaviour or type of subject not to look for any specific relationships, nor to correlate 2 or more variables. It can acquire a lot of information through description. It can be used as an indirect test of a theory or model some behaviours/situations cannot be studied any other way to general categories of descriptive designs: surveys observational studies. 3.4.2 Explanatory Method: Explanatory research focuses on why questions. For example, it is one thing to describe the crime rate in a country, to examine trends over time or to compare the rates in different countries. It is quite a different thing to develop explanations about why the crime rate is as high as it is, why some types of crime are increasing or why the rate is higher in some countries than in others. 3.4.3 Qualitative Method : The design of qualitative research is probably the most flexible of the various experimental techniques, encompassing a variety of accepted methods and structures. From an individual case study to an extensive survey, this type of study still needs to be carefully constructed and designed, but there is no standardized structure. 3.4.4 Quantitative method: Quantitative research is all about quantifying the relationships between variables. Variables are the things you measure on your subjects, which can be humans, animals, or cells. Variables can represent subject characteristics (e.g. weight, height, sex), the things are really interested in variables representing the timing of measurements and nature of any treatments subjects receive. To quantify the relationships between these variables, we use values of effect statistics such as the correlation coefficient, the difference between means of something in two groups, or the relative frequency of something in two groups. 3.4.5 Types of data collection i) Primary Data: this is the data which is collected by the first research person. In this method the data collect himself using methods such as interviews and questionnaires. The key point here is that the data he/she collect is unique to him and his/her research and, until he/she publish, no one else has access to it. There are many methods of collecting primary data and the main methods include: Questionnaires, interviews, focus group interviews, observation, case-studies, diaries ,critical incidents